Italian Fascism - Nazism - Stalinism

Totalitarianism

• A system where the government controls everything (politics, media, economy, people’s lives).
• No freedom of speech or opposition allowed.

Black Shirts

• Paramilitary group that supported Benito Mussolini.
• Used violence and fear to silence opponents in Italy.

March on Rome

• In 1922, Mussolini and his supporters marched to take power in Italy.
• The king gave him power → start of Fascist rule.

Mein Kampf

• Book written by Adolf Hitler.
• Explains his ideas: racism, anti-Semitism, and expansion.

Enabling Act

• A 1933 law that gave Hitler full power to make laws without parliament.
• Turned Germany into a dictatorship.

Nuremberg Laws

• Laws in Nazi Germany that took away rights from Jewish people.
• Made racism and discrimination legal.

War Communism

• Policy during Russian Civil War under Vladimir Lenin.
• Government took control of industry and food, causing shortages.

New Economic Policy (NEP)

• Lenin’s policy that allowed some private business and trade.
• Helped the economy recover after War Communism.

Collectivisation

• Under Joseph Stalin, farms were forced to join large state farms.
• Led to low food production and famine.

Kulaks

• Wealthier peasants in the Soviet Union.
• Seen as enemies by Stalin, therefore many were killed or sent to labor camps.

Holodomor

• A man-made famine in Ukraine (1932–1933) under Stalin.
• Millions died due to forced grain collection and policies.