Comprehensive Overview of Medical Terminology and Systems

my/o

muscle

oblique

slanted (as in muscle direction)

kinesi/o

movement

myositis

inflammation of muscle

atrophy

muscle wasting

oste/o

bone

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

kyph/o

humpback

lord/o

curve, swayback

myel/o

spinal cord or bone marrow

scoli/o

crooked, curved

ligament/o

ligament

burs/o

bursa (fluid-filled sac near joints)

Enter/o

intestine

-gravida

pregnancy

gynec/o

woman, female

electr/o

electricity

-graphy

process of recording

prostat/o

prostate gland

hyster/o

uterus

-ectomy

surgical removal

-emia

blood condition

Esophagi/o

esophagus

Epithel/o

skin or surface tissue

Perio

around (usually refers to gums)

Append/o

appendix

Tonsil/o

tonsils

gastro/o

stomach

AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

BP

Blood Pressure

HBV

Hepatitis B Virus

Hg

Mercury (used in BP measurements)

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

S&S

Signs and Symptoms

SOB

Shortness of Breath

Stat

Immediately

WBC

White Blood Cell

WNL

Within Normal Limits

Voluntary

controlled by conscious thought (e.g., skeletal muscles)

Involuntary

not consciously controlled (e.g., heart, digestive muscles)

Skeletal Muscle

striated, voluntary, attached to bones

Smooth Muscle

non-striated, involuntary, found in organs

Cardiac Muscle

striated, involuntary, heart only

Flexion

bending a joint

Extension

straightening a joint

Abduction

moving limb away from body

Adduction

moving limb toward body

Vastus medialis

inner thigh

Tibialis anterior

front of shin

Trapezius

upper back

Sartorius

diagonal thigh

Biceps brachii

front of upper arm

Triceps brachii

back of upper arm

Rectus femoris

front thigh

Rectus abdominis

abs

Deltoid

shoulder

Pectoralis major

chest

Sternocleidomastoid

side of neck

Brachioradialis

forearm

External oblique

side abs

Vastus lateralis

outer thigh

Gastrocnemius

calf

Latissimus dorsi

mid/lower back

Soleus major

deep calf muscle

Axial skeleton

consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebra

Appendicular skeleton

consists of the pelvic girdle, arm and leg bones

Joint

where two or more bones come together

Diaphysis

the shaft of the long bone

Epiphysis

the ends of the long bones

Arthritis

joint inflammation

Tendonitis

tendon inflammation

Leukemia

cancer of blood-forming tissues

Osteoporosis

bone thinning

Hippocrates

Father of Medicine

Leonardo da Vinci

anatomical sketches

Andreas Vesalius

human anatomy book

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

discovered microorganisms

William Harvey

circulation of blood

Edward Jenner

smallpox vaccine

Elizabeth Blackwell

first female physician

Rene Laennec

invented stethoscope

Louis Pasteur

germ theory, pasteurization

Joseph Lister

antiseptic surgery

Sigmund Freud

psychoanalysis

Alexander Fleming

discovered penicillin

Chain of Infection

Pathogen → Reservoir → Portal of Exit → Mode of Transmission → Portal of Entry → Susceptible Host

Direct Transmission

person-to-person

Indirect Transmission

via object, air, food

Susceptible host

can catch disease

Carrier

spreads disease with no symptoms

Pathogens

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths

Nosocomial infection

hospital-acquired infection

Universal Precautions

Yes - treat all as infected

Body Mechanics

Safe movement practices to prevent injury

MSDS

Material Safety Data Sheet - has chemical info, precautions, first aid, storage, disposal

PASS

Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze handle, Sweep at base of fire

RACE

Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish/Evacuate

Class ABC extinguisher

All fires

Most common workplace injury

Back injuries