The extent of change in FP and economic policy

Dependency on US loans

Germany's economy relied heavily on American financial support.

Young Plan

Agreement to further reduce Germany's reparations payments.

Alfred Hugenberg

Right-wing critic opposing the Young Plan.

Economic slavery

Nationalists' term for the Young Plan's implications.

Freedom Law referendum

Failed vote against the Young Plan, 5.8 million opposed.

Gustav Stresemann

Chancellor and Foreign Minister stabilizing the economy.

Currency stabilization

End of hyperinflation restored confidence in German currency.

Industrial production increase

Growth in key sectors like iron and chemicals.

Welfare expansion

Introduction of unemployment insurance in 1927.

Dawes Plan (1924)

Restructured reparations payments to improve economic stability.

Rentenmark introduction

New currency to combat hyperinflation crisis.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Agreement renouncing war as foreign policy tool.

Treaty of Berlin (1926)

Strengthened ties with the Soviet Union for neutrality.

Treaty of Rapallo (1922)

Restored diplomatic ties with Russia post-WWI.

Locarno Pact (1925)

Secured post-war borders and demilitarized the Ruhr.

Political divisions

Disagreements over economic policies hindered stability.

High welfare costs

Frustrated businesses, contributing to economic tensions.

Economic recovery unevenness

Growth was not consistent across all sectors.

Stresemann's diplomacy

Balanced German interests with international appeasement.

Political extremism decline

Reduced influence of extreme parties by 1928 elections.

Industrial conflict reduction

Fewer strikes due to arbitration agreements.

Superficial stability argument

Historians debate the depth of Germany's stability.

Real stability argument

Some argue stability was genuine, not superficial.

Economic growth rate

Only 4% growth from 1913 to 1929.

Unemployment statistics

High unemployment persisted, peaking at 2 million.

Strikes in 1924

1,973 strikes indicated significant industrial unrest.

Weaknesses of Weimar Republic

Political divisions and reliance on foreign loans.

Nationalists' momentum

Gained strength due to economic dissatisfaction.

Short-term economic success

Stresemann's policies yielded immediate but fragile results.