APUSH Period 4 review

What was the impact of John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland?

It increased federal authority by invoking the doctrine of implied powers.

What does Thomas Jefferson's First Inaugural Address reflect?

Conflicts over how the Constitution should be implemented and interpreted.

What were members of the Hudson River School known for?

Their paintings of landscapes.

What was the most common form of resistance to slavery by the enslaved in the 1800s?

Working slowly, breaking tools, or feigning sickness to avoid labor.

Which colonial group had similar goals to the Mormons?

Puritans in New England.

What event does the map show in U.S. geography?

The passage of the Missouri Compromise.

What caused the dramatic increase in the South's slave labor force between 1810 and 1860?

The natural population increase of American-born enslaved people.

What was the primary purpose of constructing the National Road?

Promoting trade and communication with the Northwest Territory states.

Why did Andrew Jackson veto the recharter of the National Bank?

He believed it concentrated too much power in the hands of a few people.

What principle did the Tenth Amendment contribute to?

Increased sectional tensions over the extent of federal power over the states.

What is an accurate statement about the Monroe Doctrine?

It was issued simultaneously with a British policy statement on Latin America.

What was NOT a reason for the United States going to war in 1812?

To end British claims for repayment of Loyalist debts.

What was a core belief of the Transcendentalists in the mid-19th century?

Individuals' conduct should be guided by truths found in their own conscience.

Why did Henry Clay write to Madison?

To voice his support for enacting a protective tariff on goods entering the United States.

In which crisis did President Andrew Jackson avoid intervention?

The War for Independence in Texas.

What did the ideas about the American System contribute to?

More Americans producing goods for national markets.

What trend does the excerpt from Gibbons v. Ogden reflect?

The increased role of the judiciary in establishing a stable economic system.

What does the James Henry Hammond letter exemplify?

The growing tendency among Southern slaveholders to justify slavery as a 'positive good'.

What did Frederick Douglass suggest about the Constitution and Bible?

They could be interpreted as anti-slavery documents.

Why was the Missouri Compromise a victory for antislavery advocates?

It closed most of the Louisiana Territory to the introduction of slavery.

Who contested the Monroe Doctrine most aggressively?

European powers like England and Spain.

What did the construction of canals lead to?

A strengthening of economic ties between the Midwest and the Northeastern United States.

What contributed to the overall trend depicted in the graph?

The transformation of the United States into an industrial society.

What was a major purpose of James Madison's proposed constitutional amendment in 1803?

To grant Congress greater constitutional powers over territory.

With whom did the United States negotiate treaties after the War of 1812?

England.

What did the South's economic growth rely on?

The export of goods to Europe and the Caribbean.

What did the Missouri Compromise allow?

Maine to enter the Union as a free state.

What did Jefferson's Secret Message to Congress in 1803 represent?

A departure from his earlier views on the extent of federal government authority.

What was the goal of the American Colonization Society?

Transporting emancipated African Americans to West Africa.

What did the Monroe Doctrine maintain?

European powers should not pursue future colonization plans in the Americas.

What factor destroyed the Federalist Party in the early 19th century?

The Hartford Convention and internal political failures.

What did the Second Great Awakening encourage?

Conversion to evangelical styles of Christianity.

In whose writings is the theme of individualism most evident?

Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Why were many Americans suspicious of the Second Bank?

They believed it was controlled by commercial elites and aristocrats.

What distinguished Jacksonian Democracy?

The belief that political participation by the common man should be increased.

What resulted from Southern pro-slavery arguments?

Slaveholders became more insistent that slavery was essential to Southern life.

Why did slaveholders like Calhoun justify slavery?

Fear caused by slave revolts in Haiti, South Carolina, and Virginia.

What explains the increase in white male suffrage in the early 19th century?

Changes to property ownership requirements to vote.

What did transportation improvements contribute to?

More interconnected and efficient national markets.

How did the House of Representatives respond to abolitionist agitation?

By banning discussion of abolitionist petitions (the Gag Rule).

What did the Nullification Crisis of 1832 arise over?

Protective tariffs.

What does Andrew Jackson's Bank Veto reflect?

The formation of the Second American Party System.

Who were most textile mill workers in Massachusetts in the 1830s?

Young unmarried women from New England.

Why was the 'burned-over district' named so?

Due to intense religious zeal during the Second Great Awakening.

Who was known as 'The Prophet'?

Tenskwatawa.

Why was the opening of the Erie Canal important?

It strengthened ties between Eastern manufacturing and Western agriculture.

What did activists at the Seneca Falls Convention call for?

Expanded women's rights.

What was the tendency of Supreme Court decisions under Chief Justice John Marshall?

To promote the powers of the federal government.

Why did Jefferson support the Louisiana Purchase?

He hoped to preserve an agricultural republic.

What did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions defend?

States' rights.

Who received direct support for their tribal land retention efforts?

The United States Supreme Court.