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valence electrons
number of outermost electrons in the outermost shell. indicated by group number.
lewis structure
two-dimensional model, represents covalent/ionic bonds as straight lines and unbonded valence electrons as dots
covalent bond
share electrons. sharing creates a bond between the elements
ionic bonds
cation give anion electrons. between metals and non-metals
lone pairs
pairs of electrons only attached to one atom
octet rule
need 8 electrons to fill outermost shell and be stable. exceptions are hydrogen can only have 2 electrons in outermost shell, and Be, B, and third period and beyond have more than 8 electrons in outermost shell
double bond
bond in which 2 pairs of electrons are shared by a pair of electrons
triple bond
bond in which 3 pairs of electrons are shared by a pair of electrons
