AP Human Geography Unit 2 Questions

In what ways might the patterns of population distribution vary according to the scale of analysis?

A city, for example, might be overcrowded, but that doesn't mean the state, region, or country is

How do physical factors influence the distribution of population?

If a place has not enough food, water, or other natural resources, people won't want to live there, causing a less dense population

How do human factors influence the distribution of population?

Medicine, for example, has lead to less deaths, which leads to a less dense population

What is arithmetic density?

The amount of total people in an area divided by the amount of land

What is physiological density?

The amount of total people in an area divided by the amount of arable (farmable) land

What is agricultural density?

The amount of farmers in an area divided by the amount of arable (farmable) land

How does population density influence political processes?

A more dense population means more electoral college votes

How does population density influence economic processes?

A more dense population means more jobs available

How does population density influence social processes?

High- more crime, more diversity, more social and human services

Low- Low birth rates and population growth (aging population), low marriage rates

How does population density impact the environment?

The more dense a population, the more natural resources are used

How does population density impact natural resources?

More dense populations use more natural resources

What is carrying capacity?

How many people an area can support

How does population density affect the need for infrastructure?

The more people, the more housing is needed, but that also means they have less room for more housing

Why would a geographer map age, sex, and ethnicity at different scales?

They predict different things, and are used for different statistics

How could a population pyramid be used to project population growth or decline?

It can show if the population is aging or not, and paired with life expectancy statistics, can predict population change in the future

How could a population pyramid be used to predict markets for goods and services?

An older population won't need as many maternity products, since they don't have babies as often, so it can use demand for certain products to predict how much it will be used in the future

What factors are used to determine population growth and decline?

fertility, mortality, migration

What is "population-doubling time" and how can that be used?

It is a prediction for how long it will take a population to double. It can be used to predict if they have enough resources and how many people an area can actually support

What social, cultural, and economic factors influence fertility?

Race, education rates, religion, access to abortion and contraceptives

What social, cultural, and economic factors influence mortality?

Age, gender, occupation, income, literacy, access to food and medicine

What social, cultural, and economic factors influence migration?

Wages, the standard of living, job and education opportunities, crime rates

What is the demographic transition model?

An explanation for the natural rise and fall of birth and death rates (and population as a whole)

How can the demographic transition model be used to explain population change over time and space?

It can explain if the population, fertility, and mortality rates are normal in relation to the country's development

What is the Malthusian Theory?

There will always be a larger population than there are food sources

How can the Malthusian Theory be used to analyze population change and its consequences?

Predict if there will be a drastic impact, such as famine

What is the epidemiological transition?

A comparison of life expectancy and causes of death long ago versus now

How does the epidemiological transition explain the causes of changing death rates?

More advanced medicine and disease prevention

What is pronatalist policy?

Encouraging birth

What is antinatalist policy?

Discouraging birth

What factors have influenced the reduced fertility rates seen in most parts of the world?

More access to contraceptives and abortion, aging population, religion

What are the political consequences of migration?

Migrants can swing political votes

How have the changing social, economic, and political roles of women influenced the patterns of fertility

The more access they have to money, contraceptives, education, jobs, etc, the lower their fertility rates are

How have the changing social, economic, and political roles of women influenced the patterns of mortality

Poorer, less educated countries have higher death rates, and the opposite is true

How do birth and death rates affect population aging?

Low birth rates and low death rates=aging population

High birth rates and high death rates= young population

How have the changing social, economic, and political roles of women influenced the patterns of migration

Women from countries where they have less access to certain things often migrate to places where they would

What are social implications of population aging?

health care, jobs, and social programs are all affected

What are economic implications of population aging?

Less jobs, more social programs

What are political implications of population aging?

What are "push" and "pull" factors in migration?

A push factor is something that urges people to leave a place

A pull factor is something that urges people to want to migrate to a place

Give an example of a push and pull cultural factor

Push- forced migration

Pull- Good political situation

Give an example of a push and pull demographic factor

Push- overpopulation

Pull- lots of cultural diversity

Give an example of a push and pull economic factor

Push- bad economy

Pull- More jobs

Give an example of a push and pull environmental factor

Push- Lack of natural resources

Pull- Good water sources

What is meant by the term "forced migration?"

They have no choice but to move, most likely government mandated

Explain transitional migration

Migration across international borders

What is internal migration?

Migrating within your region or country

Explain chain migration

People migrate along with each other and follow each other

Explain step migration

Occurs in stages

Explain rural to urban migration

People move from a rural area to an urban area

How do distance and physical features affect migration patterns?

The farther two places are, the less likely people are to migrate from one to the other. They want to migrate close to where they originated

What are three examples of major historical migrations?

Trail of tears, irish potato famine, syrian war refugees

Why do governments institute policies to encourage migration?

To help the economy, and a larger population

Why do governments institute policies to restrict migration?

They are overpopulated and can't afford more people there

Give an example of a push and pull political factor

Push- Conflict or war

Pull- Peace, stabilty

What are cultural consequences of migration?

Change in demographic

What are economic consequences of migration?

More jobs are needed

What are environmental consequences of migration?

More natural resources are used