Unit 4 Diseases/Acronyms/Treatments

Fracture

(Skeletal) Broken bone

Osteosarcoma

(skeletal) cancerous bone tumor in which osteoblasts multiply uncontrollably

Osteomalacia

(skeletal) softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency (rickets)

Osteomyelitis

(skeletal) infection of the bone and bone marrow

Osteoporosis

(skeletal) thinning of the bone structure

Ankylosing Spondylitis

(skeletal) Chronic inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to fibrosis, fusion, and restricts movement of the spine

Kyphosis

(skeletal) abnormal and excessive curvature of the thoracic spine; humpback/hunchback

Lordosis

(skeletal) abnormal and excessive curvature of the lumbar spine; swayback

Scoliosis

(skeletal) Abnormal or excessive C-shaped lateral curvature of the spine

Levoscoliosis

(skeletal) Scoliosis curvature that curves to the patient’s left

Dextroscoliosis

(skeletal) Scoliosis curvature that curves to the patient’s right

Spondylolisthesis

(skeletal) degenerative condition of the spine in which one vertebra slips out of alignment

Arthralgia

(skeletal) Pain in joint due to injury, inflammation or infection

Arthropathy

(skeletal) disease of a joint from any cause

Hemarthrosis

(skeletal) Blood in joint cavity from blunt trauma or would

Gouty arthritis

(skeletal) Joint inflammation caused by crystals formed by uric acid in the joints

Osteophyte

(skeletal) Abnormal sharp, bone growth that causes pain

Rheumatoid Arthritis

(skeletal) inflammation of connective tissue of the joints, causes erythema and swelling

RA

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Subluxation

(skeletal) Partial dislocation of the end of the bone

Anthrography

(skeletal) nuclear medicine tests that outlines bone ends and joint capsule

Bone density Tests

(skeletal) Procedures that measure bone mineral density to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occurred

BMD

Bone Mineral Density

Scintigraphy

(skeletal) Nuclear medicine test in which phosphate compound is targeted with a radioactive tracer; used to indicate arthritis, fracture, osteomyelitis, and bone tumors

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy

ESWT

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy

(skeletal) External sound waves are used to break up bone spurs and treat tendinitis of the shoulder, Achilles, and elbow

Goniometry

(skeletal) Procedure to measure the angle of a joint

Orthosis

(skeletal) Device used to keep a body part straight (brace, spilnt, collar, etc.)

Prothesis

(skeletal) Prosthetic device such as an artificial leg

Traction

(skeletal) Procedure that uses weight to pull the bone ends of a fracture into correct alignment (elastic wraps, skin adhesives, pins, wires, etc.)

Analgesic drug

(skeletal) Treats pain from bone injury or surgery

Intra-articular injection

(skeletal) procedure that administers anti-inflammatory medication directly into a joint

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug

NSAID

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug

(skeletal) Treats mild-to-moderate inflammation and pain

Arthroscopy

(skeletal) Procedure that examines structures inside the joint

Bone graft

(skeletal) Procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractures

Autograft

(skeletal) Bone graft where the bone is taken from the patient’s own body

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation

ORIF

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation

(skeletal) Surgical incision to visualize and realign fracture using screws, nails, or plates

Atrophy

(muscular) Loss of muscle bulk caused by a lack of use

Avulsion

Muscle tears away from tendon or tendon tears from bone

Contracture

(muscular) Condition in which a muscle becomes progressively more flexed

Fibromyalgia

(muscular) Pain located at hypersensitive trigger points in the muscles of the neck, back, or hips

Hyperextension-hyperflexion injury

(muscular) Injury caused by the snapping of the head from a car accident; whiplash

Torticollis

(muscular) Painful spasm of the muscles on one side of the neck

Muscular Dystrophy

MD

Muscular Dystrophy

(muscular) A genetic condition which causes muscular atrophy

Myalgia

(muscular) pain in a muscle due to injury or muscle disease

Myasthenia gravis

(muscular) Condition in which acetylcholine receptors are destroyed, causing the inability to contract muscles

Ptosis

(muscular) drooping of the eyelids (typically caused by myasthenia gravis)

Repetitive Strain Injury

RSI

Repetitive Strain Injury

(muscular) Condition that affects muscles, tendons and nerves from repetitive movements over an extended period of time; includes tennis elbow and carpal tunnel syndrome

Rotator Cuff Tear

(muscular) Tear in the rotator muscles on the scapula, shoulder, and head of humerus

Ataxia

(muscular) Incoordination of the muscles during movement

Bradykinesia

(muscular) Abnormally slow muscle movements; associated with Parkinson’s

Dyskinesia

(muscular) Abnormal motions that occur because of difficulty controlling the voluntary muscles

Hyperkinesis

(muscular) An abnormally increased amount of muscle movements; restlessness

Restless Leg Syndrome

RLS

Restless Legs Syndrome

(muscular) An uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of the muscles of the legs

Bursitis

(muscular) Inflammation of the bursal sac from repetitive muscle contractions or pressure on the bone

Epicondylitis

(muscular) Inflammation and pain of the muscles and their tendons that originate on the epicondyle

Fasciitis

(muscular) Inflammation of the fascia around a muscle

Tendinitis

(muscular) Inflammation of the tendons from injury or overuse

Tenosynovitis

(muscular) Inflammation of a tendon and inability of the synovium to produce enough lubricating fluid

Amnesia

(neurology) Partial or total loss of memory due to brain injury

Retrograde amnesia

(neurology) Loss of memory of past events that occurred before the episode

Anterograde

(neurology) Loss of memory of events after the onset of amnesia

Anencephaly

(neurology) Condition in which some or all of the cranium and cerebrum are missing

Aphasia

(neurology) Loss of ability to communicate verbally or in writing due to brain trauma

Dysphasia

(neurology) Difficulty in ability to communicate verbally or in writing

Intracranial Pressure

ICP

Intracranial pressure

(neurology) Pressure within the cranium that compresses and destroys brain tissue

Astrocytoma

(neurology) Malignant star-shaped tumor cells in the cerebrum

Glioblastoma

(neurology) immature astrocyte in the cerebrum

Glioma

(neurology) any neuroglial cell

Cephalalgia

(neurology) Pain in the head; headache

Cerebral palsy

(neurology) Abnormal fetal brain development that leads to lack of coordination in motor skills and intellectual disability

Cerebrovascular Accident

CVA

Cerebrovascular Accident

(neurology) Stroke/brain attack; causes necrosis in brain

Transient Ischemic Attack

TIA

Transient Ischemic Attack

(neurology) Similar to CVA, but only lasts 24 hours

Hemiparesis

(neurology) muscle weakness on one side of the body

Hemiplegia

(neurology) Paralysis on one side of the body

Coma

(neurology) Deep state of unconsciousness and unresponsiveness

Concussion

(neurology) Traumatic brain injury that causes headache and difficulty concentrating

Dyslexia

(neurology) A learning disorder that causes difficulty reading and writing

Encephalitis

(neurology) Inflammation and infection of the brain caused by a virus

Photophobia

(neurology) sensitivity to light

Epilepsy

(neurology) Abnormal recurring condition in which the brain spontaneously sends out electrical impulses which causes seizures

Tonic Clonic seizure

(neurology) A seizure characterized by unconsciousness with excessive motor activity; also called grand mal seizure

Absence seizure

(neurology) A seizure characterized by impaired consciousness with slight or no muscle activity; also called petit mal seizure

Hematoma

(neurology) Blood that forms in the brain due to trauma to the cranium

Intraventricular hematoma

(neurology) hematoma that occurs within the ventricles

Subdural hematoma

(neurology) hematoma that forms under the dura mater layer of the meninges

Hydrocephalus

(neurology) Increased intracranial pressure due to excess amounts or blockage of CSF; water on the brain

Meningitis

(neurology) Inflammation and infection of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord

Narcolepsy

(neurology) Condition that causes brief, involuntary episodes of falling asleep while engaged in activity

Neurocognitive Disorder

NCD

Neurocognitive Disorder

(neurology) Disease of the brain in which many neurons in the cerebrum die and there is a progressive deterioration in mental function

Traumatic Brain Injury

TBI