Age and sex differences chp.7

What is the importance of understanding growth, maturation, and development for youth resistance training?

It helps strength and conditioning professionals tailor training programs to safely develop children's strength and fitness.

What key factor limits muscle growth in children during their training years?

Nerve fibers may not be fully myelinated, which affects their neuromuscular performance.

At what age do untrained women typically attain peak muscular strength?

By age 20.

What are the potential benefits of youth resistance training?

May lower the risk of sports-related injury and improve overall physical fitness.

What can damage to growth cartilage in children lead to?

Impairment of growth and development of the affected bone.

What response to resistance training is typically observed in untrained preadolescent children?

Strength gains of roughly 30% to 40% in short-term training programs.

What are key considerations when designing resistance training programs for children?

Quality of instruction, rate of progression, and creating a safe, fun environment.

Why might adult spotters be necessary during youth resistance training?

To actively assist the child and ensure safety during exercises.

What factor contributes to the increased risk of ACL injuries in female athletes?

Joint laxity and neuromuscular deficiencies.

What is the female athlete triad?

Interrelationships between energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density.

Why is important for parents to understand preparatory conditioning for youth sports?

It helps reduce the risk of injuries and promotes overall athletic development.

How does aging influence muscular strength and mass in older adults?

Advancing age leads to a loss of muscle mass and strength due to physical inactivity.

What is osteopenia?

A bone mineral density between −1 and −2.5 standard deviations of the young adult mean.

What is the significance of the Valsalva maneuver during resistance training?

It increases intra-thoracic pressure, which can stabilize the spine but should be avoided in older adults.

What adjustments should be made for older adults in resistance training programs?

Consider preexisting medical conditions, prior training history, and allow sufficient recovery time.

What is the effect of hormone therapy on muscle strength in transwomen?

Hormone therapy results in decreases in measures of strength, muscle mass, and area.

What is the recommendation for training frequency in youth resistance training?

Two or three nonconsecutive training sessions per week are recommended.

What evidence supports the importance of resistance training for older adults?

Older adults can still make significant improvements in strength and functional ability despite age-related changes.

What are the critical elements to teach children during introductory resistance training?

Proper exercise techniques and gradually introducing resistance.