Biology BSC1010 Exam 1

Microtubules

They make up the flagella and cilia

Plasma membrane

Outer boundary of cell which is responsible for what may enter or leave the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Folded layer of membrane material within the cell which provides surface area for reactions to occur

Cytoskeleton

Composed of microtubules and microfilaments; responsible for internal movement of structures inside the cell

Cytoplasm

Fluid portion of cell which consists of all of the contents outside of the nucleus and enclosed within the plasma membrane of a cell; supports suspended organelles and cellular molecules

Lysosome

Organelle which contains digestive enzymes; release of contents in large numbers responsible for death of cell

Vesicle

Membrane-bound organelle which stores various substances; usually associated with animal cells

Cristae

Folds of inner membrane of mitochondrion

Nucleus

Membrane-bound organelle which houses the chromosomes of a cell

Flagella

Long, few in number, hair-like structures located outside the cell responsible for movement

Centrosome

Helps organize microtubules during cell division

Golgi Apparatus

Organelle which functions in placing a membrane around molecules which need to be contained in a membrane

Cilia

Short, numbers, hair-like structures located outside the cell responsible for movement

Cell Wall

Located outside of cell membrane in some cells; rigid structure which protects and supports the cell

Nucleoid

Area of prokaryotic cell where the chromosome is located

Mitochondrion

Organelle responsible for breakdown of fuel into energy during aerobic respiration

Central Vacuole

Large organelle in plants which occupies the majority of the cell; stores various substances and helps control water content of cell

Peroxisomes

Organelle responsible for breakdown of fatty acids and toxins

Nucleolus

Found inside nucleus; responsible for making ribosomes

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in water

Covalent

Type of bond in which 2 or more atoms share pairs of electrons to form molecules

Hydrogen

Type of bond forms which forms when partial positive regions of one polar molecule are attracted to the partial negative regions of another polar molecule

Atom

The smallest unit of an element

Taxonomy

The scientific study of naming and classifying organisms

Dehydration Synthesis

A chemical reaction which joins monomers by the removal of a water molecule

Marcomolecules

Large Molecules

Functional Group

Group of atoms that attaches to one or more of the carbons of an organic molecule: active sire of the molecule

Ion

Charged atom; has unequal numbers of electrons and protons

Matter

Any material that takes up space

Molecule

Two or more atoms covalently bonded together

Ionic

Type of bond which is an attraction between oppositely charged ions

Nucleic Acids

Example of this group of organic molecules are DNA and RNA

Bulk

Elements which make up the majority of cells (C, H, O, N+)

Element

Substances that cannot be broken down into other substances

Carbohydrate

Organic molecule composed of simple sugars

Compound

Two or more elemental materials united in a definite ratio

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Lipid

One of the four types of organic molecules which is usually hydrophobic

Electronegativity

An atoms ability to attract electrons

Monosaccharide

Another name for a simple sugar

Acid

A substance that causes increase of H+ ions in a solution

Monomer

Single subunit which makes up larger organic molecules

Protein

Organic molecule composed of amino acid monomers

Isotope

An atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons