Water and Electrolytes

What electrolyte is the most common extracellular electrolyte that regulates BP, maintains fluid balance, and transmits nerve impulses?

sodium (Na)

What electrolyte is the most common intracellular electrolyte that regulates muscle and nerve function, including heart rhythm?

potassium (K)

What electrolyte regulates electrical impulses within the heart?

magnesium (Mg)

What is the distribution of water between ECF and cells due to osmotic forces across the semipermeable membrane, from low to high concentration?

osmosis

What is the movement of particles across a permeable membrane from an area of high to low particle concentration?

diffusion

What hormone regulates the excretion of water?

antidiuretic hormone

What hormone regulates renal excretion of Na and water?

aldosterone

What fluid is a lower concentration of dissolved solutes than blood, which causes a shift from the intravascular compartment to the intracellular space, to treat dehydration?

hypotonic

What fluid is similar to the concentration of blood, does not cause any fluid movement between compartments, and is used to treat hypovolemia?

isotonic

What fluid has an increased concentration of dissolved solutes, caused movement out of the cells into the intravascular space, and is used to treat cerebral edema?

hypertonic

What are the symptoms of hypovolemia?

sudden weight loss, lightheadedness, dizziness, dry skin, skin tenting, change in mental status, concentrated urine, dry mucous membranes, oliguria, positive orthostatic hypotension, rapid thready pulse, syncope, thirst?

What nursing interventions are needed for hypovolemia?

correct underlying cause, safely administer replacement fluids, monitor for complications, patient and family education

What are symptoms of hypervolemia?

sudden weight gain, dependent edema, bounding pulse, JVD, ascites, dyspnea, crackles

What nursing interventions are used for hypervolemia?

correct underlying cause, restriction of fluid and electrolytes, safe medication administration, monitoring for complications, patient and family education