Ch. 8-9 CNA Medical Terms

Respiratory and Digestive Systems

Acapnia

too little carbon dioxide in the blood

Alveolar

relating to an alveolus or the alveoli of the lung

Anoxia

an absence of oxygen

Aphonia

loss of ability to speak through disease of or damage to the larynx or mouth

Apnea

lack of breathing

Aspiration

accidental inhalation of liquid into the respiratory tract; to withdraw or suction fluid

Bronchial

relating to the bronchi or bronchioles

Bronchitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes; typically causes bronchospasm and coughing

Bronchiole

any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides

Bronchoscopy

the procedure that uses a fiber-optic cable that is passed into the windpipe in order to view the bronchi

Diaphram

breathing muscle

Dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing

Epistaxis

nosebleed

Expiration

the act or process of releasing air from the lungs through the nose or mouth

Hemoptysis

expectoration of blood from some part of the respiratory tract

Hypopnea

decreased or deficient breathing

Hypoxia

lack of oxygen

Inspiration

intake of air into the lungs

Intrapleural

within the pleural cavity, also called intra thoracic

Intrapulmonic

referring to inside of lungs or alveolar

Laryngectomy

surgical removal of the larynx

Laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

Laryngopharynx

the portion of the pharynx that is intimate with the larynx

Mucopurulent

containing both mucus and pus

Mucous

(adj): pertaining to mucus

Mucus

(noun): mucus

Nasopharynx

upper part of the pharynx, connecting with the nasal cavity above the soft palate

Nares

nostrils

Olfactory

relating to the sense of smell

Oropharynx

part of the pharynx that lies between the soft palate and the hyoid bone

Orthopnea

ability to breathe only when upright or in the upright position

Patency

patent, unconstructed, open

Phrenic

relating to the diaphragm

Pleura

serous membranes lining the thorax and enveloping the lungs

Pneumonia

lung inflammation that involves fluid accumulation in the alveoli

Pulonary

relating to the lungs

Pulmonic

relating to the lungs

Pulmonologist

physician who specializes in respiratory diseases

Respiratory

relating to or affecting respiration or the organs of respiration

Rhinoplasty

plastic surgery performed on the nose

Rhinorrhea

thin, watery discharge from the nose; runny nose

Septum

partition separating two chambers, such as that between the nostrils

Sinusitis

infection of the sinus cavities

Sputum

mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract

Tachypnea

abnormally rapid breathing

Ventilation

the supply of air to the lungs, especially by artificial means

Abdominoplasty

surgical repair of the abdomen

Alimentary tube

the tubular passage typically extending from the mouth to the anus

Amylase

any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch

Anoplasty

surgical repair of the anus

Appendicitis

inflammation of the appendix

Buccal Cavity

of, relating to, involving, or lying in the mouth

Carbohydrate

sugars, starches, and celluloses

Cecum

the beginning of the large intestine

Cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

Cholecystography

recording a picture or record of the gallbladder

Cholelithiasis

production of gallstones

Cirrhosis

chronic disease of the liver characterized by the destruction of liver cells

Colonoscopy

endoscopic visualization and examination of the large intestine from the anus to the ileocecal junction

Colorectal

relating to or affecting the large intestine and rectum

Deciduous (teeth)

baby teeth

Defecation

the discharge of solid waste from the anus

Diarrhea

frequent passing of liquid stools

Dietician

an expert on diet and nutrition

Disaccharide

sugar made of 2 simple sugars

Duodenum

the first part of the small intestine extending from the pylorus to the jejunum

Emesis

vomiting

Enteric

of, relating to, or affecting the intestines

Enterocolitis

inflammation of the large and small intestine

Esophageal

(adj): form of esophagus

Esophagoscopy

endoscopic visualization and examination of the esophagus

Feces

stool; excrement; body waste from the large intestine

Flatus

gas in the digestive tract

Flatulence

the release of intestinal gases

Gallbladder

the small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine

Gastrectomy

surgical removal of all or a portion of the stomach; also known as gastric resection

Gastrointestinal Tract

the part of the digestive system that consists of the stomach and intestines

Gastric Ulcer

a peptic ulcer situated in the stomach

Gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

Gastroenterologist

a doctor who has studied the gastrointestinal system

Gastroscopy

endoscopic visualization and examination of the stomach

Gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

Hematemesis

throwing up blood

Hepatitis

a disease or condition marked by inflammation of the liver

Mepatomegaly

enlargement of the liver

Herniation

the act of abnormally protruding

Ileocecal Valve

a valve that is situated between the distal end of the small intestine and the proximal end of the large intestine

Ileum

the distal section of the small intestine

Intestine

the portion of the alimentary tube after the stomach

Lactase

the enzyme used to break down milk sugar

Laparoscopy

endoscopic visualization and examination of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Lipase

an enzyme used to break down fats

Mesentery

a membrane that attaches the intestine to the posterior portion of the abdominal cavity

Metabolism

the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated

Mucosa

mucous membrane

Nasogastric

pertaining to the nose and stomach

Nausea

unpleasant sensation usually preceding vomiting

Pancreas

a large lobulated gland of vertebrates that secrete enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon

Pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

Parietal

of or relating to the walls of a part or cavity