AP Lang Rhetorical Devices hesing

allegory

representation of abstract/spiritual meaning through concrete forms; figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another

alliteration

repetition of sounds at the beginning of a word

allusion

reference to a person/place/etc.

anaphora

repetition of the first word/phrase in successive sentences

anastrophe

inversion of typical word order

antithesis

opposition or contrast of ideas/words in a balanced or parallel structure

apposition

two elements, normally noun phrases, placed side-by-side so that one element modifies/defines the other

assonance

repetition of a vowel sound

asyndeton

omission of conjunctions i came i saw i conquered

chiasmus

words are repeated in reverse order (e.g. the fire burned, burned the fire)

climax

height of suspense; turning point in literature; sentence structured in increasing importance

ellipsis

omission of words when something is implied; can be done without an ellipses (…)

euphemism

the substitution for an expression that might offend/suggest something unpleasant to the receiver, instead of using an agreeable/less offensive expression

hyperbole

exaggeration

imagery

use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, or ideas

irony

conveying a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning

juxtaposition

placing of contradictory things next to one another

metaphor

a figure of speech in which a word/phrase literally denotes one object/idea in place of another

onomatopoeia

words that sound like what they are

oxymoron

combination of contrasting words 'bittersweet'.

paradox

statement that is apparently self-contradicting or absurd but contains a possible truth

parallelism

repetition of similar words/phrases/ideas to represent that the ideas are of equal or higher value & importance

personification

giving human/living traits to non-living objects

sarcasm

intentionally hurtful satiric or ironic commentary

simile

figure of speech comparing two items with "like" or "as"

The Synthesis Essay

-This is an argumentative essay

Give at least two claims (reasons)  in your thesis to support your position

-Body paragraphs should follow the format

INTRO THESIS (2 claims)

USE 3 SOURCES - Claim Proof Reason

Counter-Claim & Rebuttal

Rehtorical Analysis

The last sentence of the intro paragraph should state your thesis identifying the author’s message and listing at least three strategies he or she uses to  create the mess

ESTAMP INTRO

S.E.C

Strategies Example Connection to author purpose

In each body paragraph, list the strategy, give an example from the text, and then explain the connection between the strategy and the author’s message and/or purpose.

The Open Argument

- Your thesis statement should be the last sentence of your first paragraph.

- It should state your position in answer to the prompt, and provide at least two claims (reasons) to support your claim

-You should strive to create two body paragraphs.

Each one should follow the

CPRCCR FORMAT:

Claim-Proof-Reasoning

CounterclaimRebuttal 

-Try to include a brief conclusion that summarizes your main points

-Remember that the most effective and convincing examples are SPECIFIC examples

-Avoid Generalizing!!!!!!

-An argument requires you to take a side, so keep your counterclaim brief.

ESTAMPS

E- Exigency (who motivated the speaker to create the message when he or she did. What was the urgency?)

S- Speaker/author, and everything you know about him/her from the prompt

T- Type (letter? Speech? Book excerpt?)

A- Audience

M- Message

P-Purpose

S-Strategies