Atomic Physics and Spectra
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FlashcardsMatter
5th century BC Greek idea
o The universe is made of components of different shapes/solidness
o Atoms have properties and interact
“Atomos”
o “Indivisible”
o Different particles with different masses and different physical characteristics
Periodic Table
o An arrangement of atoms in order of increasing mass
The gravitational force
The attractive force experienced between two objects
o Becomes stronger with higher masses and/or small distances
o Holds planets together structurally
o Holds objects in orbit
Gravitational energy can be released by dropping an object
The speed of the fall and the energy release are dependent on the gravity force
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8 Terms
Matter
5th century BC Greek idea
o The universe is made of components of different shapes/solidness
o Atoms have properties and interact
“Atomos”
o “Indivisible”
o Different particles with different masses and different physical characteristics
Periodic Table
o An arrangement of atoms in order of increasing mass
The gravitational force
The attractive force experienced between two objects
o Becomes stronger with higher masses and/or small distances
o Holds planets together structurally
o Holds objects in orbit
Gravitational energy can be released by dropping an object
The speed of the fall and the energy release are dependent on the gravity force
Electromagnetic Force
A fundamental force of nature
o The force two charged particles exert on one another
§ Like charges repel
o Much more powerful than gravity
The Electron
o A very low mass particle with a negative charge
o Can be extracted from hot gasses and manipulated with magnetic fields
The Proton
o 1 proton = “hydrogen”
o Positively charged particle
o Mass = 1.67 x 10^-27
§ 1 atomic mass unit (AMU)
§ Charge = +1
The Neutron
o No electrical charge
o Mass slightly greater than the proton
o “peace keepers” of the nucleus
§ Allows for protons to bond and build heavier elements
o Charge = 0
§ No electric repulsion
§ Neutrons may collide with/be absorbed by atoms/elements
The nucleus
The core of the atom/element
Composed of protons and neutrons
Contains 99.998 % of the atom’s mass
Gluing the Nucleus Together
The strong force
o Most powerful binding force in nature
Bonds protons and neutrons together when they are sufficiently close
o Distant protons repel one another
In a nucleus, protons and neutrons attract one another
Note 
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