Chapter 11 and 12 Key Terms Review

These flashcards cover essential terms and concepts from Chapters 11 and 12, aiding in exam preparation.

Anarchists

Believed that society should be a free association of its members, not subject to government, laws, or police.

Boxer Uprising

A 1899-1900 uprising in China against foreign influence and the Qing dynasty; ended with the Boxer Protocol.

Mexican Revolution

A conflict beginning in 1910 led by workers and peasants to address land distribution and oust General Porfirio Diaz.

Modernism

An effort to break from older conventions and find new ways of seeing and describing the world, emphasizing instinct and emotion.

Pan movements

Groups that sought to connect people across state boundaries based on ethnicity or religion, emerging in the late 18th century.

Popular culture

Cultural activities accessible to the masses, significantly more prevalent due to technological innovations and increased leisure time.

Progressive reformers

Members of the early 20th century US reform movement aiming to eliminate corruption and improve working conditions.

Shanghai school

A late 19th-century Chinese painting style characterized by Western influences and spontaneous brushwork.

Sun Yat Sen

Chinese revolutionary and first provisional president of the Republic of China; key figure in overthrowing the Qing dynasty.

Syndicalists

A movement led by workers advocating for workplace associations and a replacement for capitalism, originating in France.

The Anglo-Boer War

An anticolonial conflict in South Africa between British and Afrikaners over control and wealth from gold discoveries.

Women's Issues in the West

Emergence of new job opportunities for women and movements for women’s rights in the late 19th to early 20th centuries.

Women’s Status in Colonies

Contrary to perceptions of improvement, colonial women's status was undermined by economic and cultural pressures.

Hindu Revivalism

19th-century movement rejecting constitutionalism and advocating for militant nationalism in response to British policies.

Pan Germanism

A nationalist ideology aimed at uniting all Germans, competing with the Pan Slavic movement in the 19th century.

Great War

A global conflict from 1914 to 1918 involving major powers divided into Allies and Central Powers.

Bolsheviks

Members of the Russian Social Democratic Party who led the 1917 revolution and established a communist government.

Great Depression

Worldwide economic downturn beginning with the US stock market crash in 1929, leading to significant global consequences.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Leader of the nonviolent struggle for India's independence from Britain, emphasizing self-reliance and civil disobedience.

Nonviolent resistance

A philosophical approach to oppose colonialism and seek self-rule through peaceful means, championed by Gandhi.

Chiang Kai-shek

Leader of the Guomindang who sought to modernize China and initially opposed the Communist Party.

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Army officer who founded the modern Turkish state, promoted secularism, and sought Westernization of Turkey.

The Peace Settlement and the Impact of War

Post-WWI negotiations leading to treaties like the Treaty of Versailles, aiming for peace and self-determination.

Mass Culture

Cultural practices and media that mobilized populations during WWI, including propaganda in films and on the radio.

Mass Production and Mass Consumption

Economic changes during and after WWI that increased factory output and consumer goods availability, exemplified by Ford's assembly line.

Liberal Democracy Under Pressure

The challenges faced by democracies in maintaining rights and stability during and after WWI, leading to shifts in political power.

Anticolonial Visions of Modern Life

Post-WWI perspectives that sought independence among colonized peoples, reflecting various nationalistic aspirations.

Nationalism and the Rise of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt

Political movements in Egypt post-WWI focusing on independence and reform, opposed to colonial influences.