ENG SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW

study

adamant

unyielding; firm in opinion ANT: flexible

affable

friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to

agrarian

concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land ANT: urban

ambivalent

Having mixed feelings ANT: opinionated

amicable

peaceable, friendly ANT: quarrelsome

arduous

hard to do, requiring much effort ANT: easy, simple

austere

severe or stern in appearance; undecorated ANT: luxurious

avid

eager ANT; apathetic

bacchanalian

wild and drunken ANT:

bawdy

indecent; humorously obscene

candid

Completely honest, straightforward

capricious

guided by whim rather than reason

caustic

burning, sever, sharp ANT: mild, easy-going

circumspect

careful, cautious ANT: rash, foolhardy

clandestine

secret ANT: forthright

clement

merciful; lenient

comely

good-looking, attractive, bonny \n ANT: plain , homely, ugly, repulsive

cliché

a worn-out idea or overused expression

bigot

narrow-minded, prejudiced person

chaos

great confusion, disorder

charlatan

one who pretends to have knowledge in order to swindle others - especially in medicine

avarice

greed

banter

teasing; playful conversation

barrister

lawyer (British)

bastion

a strong defense or fort

altercation

a heated argument

anathema

a cursed, detested person

apathy

lack of interest or emotion

audacity

excessive boldness, rashness, daring

acrimony

bitterness, discord

adulation

excessive praise or admiration

agnostic

one who believes that the existence of a god can be neither proven nor disproven

abate

to lessen in violence or intensity

abet

to assist or encourage, especially in wrongdoing

abhor

to regard with horror or loathing; to hate deeply

acquit

to find not guilty of a fault or crime

appease

to calm; to make satisfied (often only temporarily)

augment

to make larger, increase

balk

to stop short and refuse to proceed

bask

to lie in or be exposed to warmth

befuddle

to confuse; to perplex

cajole

to persuade with false promises and flattery

castigate

to criticize or punish severely

chastise

to punish severely

circumvent

to get around; to bypass; to avoid

coerce

to compel, force

collabarate

to work together

concur

to be of the same opinion; to agree with

condone

to forgive or overlook an offense

connive

to cooperate secretly in wrongdoing

connoisseur

an expert in matters of culture, food, or wine

contrite

feeling regret for having committed some wrongdoing

copious

abundant; plentiful

crass

coarse, unfeeling; stupid

credence

belief or trust

culinary

of or related to cooking or the kitchen

culmination

the highest point of attainment; the end or climax

cult

a fad-like devotion to a person, thing, or idea; a group of people with such a devotion

MAL

bad, evil

CIDE

cut or kill

FORT

strong

CIRCUM

around

INE

suffix - the nature of: pertaining to - especially animals

PATH

feeling, disease

AUD

hear, listen

CRED

believe, trust

HELIO

sun

IST

suffix - one who practices or believes

context clues

Information from the reading that hints at a word's meaning.

denotation

The dictionary definition of a word

connotation

the implied or associative meaning of a word

text features

the parts of a text that stand out (diagram, table of contents, index, etc)

text structure

the author's method of organizing text: cause/effect, compare/contrast, sequence, problem/ solution

non-linear plot structure

when the events in a story are given out of chronological order. This technique often uses flash backs

Linear Plot Structure

The events are in chronological order

irony

A contrast between expectation and reality

author's purpose

The reason the author has for writing. ( Inform, persuade, & entertain)

oxymoron

conjoining contradictory terms (as in 'deafening silence')

diction

word choice

flat character

A character who is not very well developed; has few identifiable characteristics

round character

A character who demonstrates some complexity and who develops or changes in the course of a work

static character

A character that does not change from the beginning of the story to the end

dynamic character

A character who grows, learns, or changes as a result of the story's action

declarative sentence

a sentence that makes a statement - it can be true / false/ an opinion

interrogative sentence

A sentence that asks a question

exclamatory sentence

a sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark

imperative sentence

A sentence that requests or commands.

Topic sentence

color is blue - restates and answers the question presented in the short answer response

Concrete detail

color is red - contains a quote with a lead in sentence - usually contains a citation (Smith 5).

Commentary

color is green - does not restate the quote - develops the answer and the quote on a deeper level. Answers - why is the quote important? How does it tie in with the conflict, character, setting??

concluding sentence

it is underlined - it ties the short answer response together - creates a generalization on a deeper, global level

Appositive

A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun. Can be at the beginning, middle, or end.

Enclosed with commas.

My friend, Gloria, likes to eat chocolate.

There / Their / They're

there-location...example: They are over there. Their- ownership...example: That is their book. They're- contraction...example: They're at the store.

Your / You're

Your is a possessive form of you. You're is the contraction of you are.

Its / It's

it's is a contraction; its is a possessive pronoun

Allegory

A story that reveals a moral or political meaning

satire

In literature - the use of humor, irony, or exaggeration to ridicule other issues

Imagery

Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)

Dramatic irony

when a reader is aware of something that a character isn't

Dystopia

an imagined world that is far worse than our own opposite = utopia