Anatomy Lecture - Chapter 12

spaces enclosed by fasciae called intermuscular septa

What are muscle compartments?

each compartment has 1 or more related muscles, plus nerves and blood vessels

What does each muscle compartment contain?

anterior and posterior compartments

What compartments are in the upper limbs?

anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral compartments 

What compartments are in the lower limbs?

pectoralis major

What muscle moves the arm forward, toward the body, and rotates it inward?

deltoid

Which muscle has multiple actions on the arm depending on which fibers are active?

coracobrachialis

Which muscle helps bend the arm and bring it closer to the body?

teres major 

Which muscle extends the arm and rotates it inward?

latissimus dorsi

Which muscle pulls the arm toward the body, rotates it inward, and extends the shoulder?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Which 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?

brachialis

Which muscle is the main one that bends the elbow?

biceps brachii

Which muscle bends the elbow, bends the shoulder, and turns the palm up?

brachioradialis 

Which muscle helps bend the elbow?

triceps brachii

Which muscle straightens the elbow?

supinator and biceps brachii

Which muscles turn the palm up (supinate the forearm)

pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Which muscles turn the palm down (pronate the forearm)?

anterior compartment muscles

Which forearm muscles bend the wrist, fingers, and thumb?

posterior compartment muscles

Which forearm muscles straighten the wrist, fingers, and thumb?

Iliopsoas (Iliacus + psoas major)

Which muscles bend the thigh at the hip?

medial compartment muscles

Which muscles bring the thigh toward the body (adduct the hip)?

quadriceps femoris and includes rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis,vastus intermedius 

Which muscle group straightens the knee, and what are its 4 parts?

sartorius

Which muscle spans the anterior thigh and moves the thigh in multiple ways?

gluteus maximus

Which gluteal muscle straightens and moves the thigh outward?

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Which gluteal muscles move the thigh outward and rotate it inward?

they flex the knee

What is the main action of the hamstring muscles?

in the back (posterior) of the thigh

Where are the hamstring muscles located?

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus 

What are the three muscles that make up the hamstrings? 

they dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes

What do the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg do?

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorun longus, and extensor hallucis longus

Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg.

extensor hallucis longus 

Which muscle extends the big toe (hallux)?

they plantar flex the food and flex the toes

What do the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg do?

gastrocnemius and soleus

Name the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg.

flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, and flexsor digitorum longus

Name the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg.

they evert the foot 

What is the main action of the lateral compartment muscles of the leg?

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

Name the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg.

sudden, intense stress

What usually causes muscle injuries?

poor conditioning or not warming up

What increases the risk of muscle injury?

rest, ice, compression, elevation

What does “RICE” stand for in injury treatment?

the posterior thigh muscles are strained or their tendons are partially torn

What happens in a pulled hamstring?

inflammation where the wrist flexors attach 

What is pitcher’s arm?

abnormal calcification on the side of the forearm from repeated impact

What is blocker’s arm?

lower leg pain from overuse

What are shin splints?

sore elbow from overusing arm muscles

What is tennis elbow?