chapter 9 mountain building

what refers to the changes in shape or position of a rock body in response to differential stress?

deformation

how will compressional force change a rock body?

shorten and thicken the rock

which tectonic plate boundary is associated with compressional stress?

convergent

a rubber band being stretched in preparation to fire across the room is an example of what kind of deformation?

elastic deformation

unbending a paper clip wire is an example of what kind of deformation?

ductile deformation

which of the following is an example of brittle deformation?

throwing a hammer through a glass windowpane

what is a fault?

a fracture in a rock along which motion has occurred

faults form in _____ temperature, _______ pressure enviornments

low, low

a ________ is a circular fold where the youngest layers are in the middle and the oldest layers are on the outside

basin

a __________ fold has limbs that are tilted beyond the vertical to the point that the axial plane is horizontal, giving it the appearance of lying on its side

recumbent

which tectonic plate boundary would have many normal faults associated with it?

divergent

a ______ fault is created when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall

reverse

what is the difference between a reverse fault and a thrust fault?

a thrust fault has an angle of less than 45 degrees, whereas the angle of a reverse fault is greater

which tectonic plate boundary would have many thrust faults associated with it?

convergent

faults that exhibit both dip slip and strike slip movement are called __ faults

oblique slip

mountain ranges such as the appalachians and the himalayas are examples of mountains that formed as a result of _____ faulting

thrust

a _______ fault has a vertical fault plane and shows movement parallel to the orientation of the fault

strike slip

you are a seismologist and are driving out to a location where a fault has recently shifted. when you arrive at the location, you see that the road you are driving on was constructed across the fault line. because of slippage along the fault, the road ahead has been shifted to the left by 20 feet. what kind of fault is present?

left lateral strike slip

which type of fault was responsible for the devastation associated with the 1906 earthquake in san francisco?

transform strike slip

what is the difference between faults and joints?

joints form in place, whereas faults form because rock has moved

what are slickenslides?

polished and striated surfaces made on fault blocks

fault block mountains like the sierra nevada in california are created due to ____________ faults

normal

how do joints form in tectonic environments?

rocks near the surface are stretched and pulled apart