JSU- MGT 305 -OB- Final Exam

Final Exam

motivation

With a high level of organizational commitment, employees will have greater ________ outcomes toward pursuing organizational goals and decisions.

self-enhancement

Trevor is an overachiever. His brother calls him ambitious and power hungry. Trevor exemplifies the ________ dimension.

Cognitive Dissonance

________ is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.

onboarding

Letitia reports to work at Apex Inc. This is her first day. Human resources tells Letitia to report to a conference room so that she can review the company’s mission statement and policies, go over her job description, and learn about the technology systems in use. This type of experience is an ________ program.

affective

The president of American Systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to San Francisco. Some employees like the idea and some don’t. According to the ________ component of attitudes, these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees.

Intentions; attitudes and planned behavior

________ are the key links between ________ in Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior.

POS

Angela works for a company that does not provide good health benefits or career opportunities. Her ________ is most likely to be negative.

Needs

________ are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior.

Self-enhancement and openness to change

________ are both elements of hedonism.

OCB

Elaine often volunteers to help others when they run into problems with their projects. She is very positive, always on time, and never calls in sick. Exhibiting ________ is likely to create positive impressions among Elaine’s colleagues and manager.

dispositional/ genetic

In some cases, coworkers or friends remain satisfied in situations where others always seem dissatisfied. This is a reflection of the ________ model.

high levels of stress

Which of the following is not a factor in contributing to employee engagement?

Latin America

According to an analysis by the consulting firm Aon, which global region has the most employees who are highly or moderately engaged?

Employee engagement

________ is the harnessing of organization members’ selves to their work roles.

POS

When Daniel’s daughter got seriously ill, his boss Kyle and fellow employees went to the HR department and arranged to donate some of their sick leave to him so he could spend more time with his family. Daniel is most likely to be experiencing

True

True or False: Practical intelligence involves changing oneself to suit the environment, changing the environment to suit oneself or finding a new environment within which to work.

core-self evaluations

CEOs with high ________ positively influence their organization’s drive to take risks, innovate, and seek new opportunities, especially in strong dynamic business environments.

proactive person

A(n) ________ is someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change.

True

True or False: Many effective managers select employees based on positive, job-relevant, relatively stable individual differences.

locus of control

Vivek and Warren are working on an assignment for their marketing class. Warren finishes his part of the assignment; Vivek doesn’t. Vivek apologizes because he took an extra shift at work and didn’t give the assignment the priority it needed. He promises Warren he will stay home tonight and finish his work. What personality characteristic does this show?

curiosity and broad-mindedness.

People who are high on openness to experience are likely to demonstrate

self-esteem

________ is your general belief about your own self-worth

extraversion

People who are outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive are likely to score high on

Emotions

________ are complex, relatively brief responses aimed at a particular target.

spatial

Rebecca has discovered that she is very good at creating 3D objects and has decided to change her major to engineering product design. She has ________ intelligence.

the potential to live in harmony with one’s self esteem.

Naturalist intelligence is

Personality

________ is the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity.

True

True or False: The combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that give individuals their unique identities is known as personality.

self-efficacy.

Sandra has a new assignment. She is confident that she can successfully complete the task. This is an example of

Emotional intelligence

________ is the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions.

True

True or False: External influences are individual differences that we have the ability to influence.

stereotype

A(n) ________ is an individual’s set of beliefs about the characteristics of a group.

Affirmative action only refers to mandatory programs.

Which one of the following is not a difference between affirmative action and diversity management?

schema

Used in the social perception process as part of Stage 2 (encoding and simplification) a ________ represents a person’s mental picture or summary of a particular event or type of stimulus.

enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings.

Perception is the process that

include attitude, opinions, and values.

Deep-level characteristics of diversity

reduce bias in

Cara, a shift supervisor, is keeping a performance diary for each of her employees. This mechanism can ________ performance appraisals.

True

True or False: Perception is a cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings.

Affirmative action

________ is an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past.

context; consistency

There are two key situational characteristics that affect perception: the ________ of the interaction, and the culture and race ________ between perceivers and targets.

Discrimination

________ occurs when employment decisions about an individual are based on reasons not associated with performance or related to the job.

True

True or False: Casual attributions are the suspected or inferred causes of behavior.

Include information on her volunteer activities.

Janell is applying for a new job. Which of the following will help her online “image”?

perception

Weight Watchers International stopped using the word diet in its advertising because of the word’s negative

True

True or False: The negativity bias tends to make us notice bad things more than good things.

crafting

Job ________ represents employees’ attempts to proactively shape their work characteristics. This could involve expectations to define and create their own job boundaries.

comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs.

The three key elements of equity theory are outputs, inputs, and a(n)

expectancy

Carlos believes that if he works hard and attends every class, he will get an A in his OB course. This belief is called a(n)

procedural

The perceived fairness of the processes used to make allocation decisions is called ________ justice.

False

True or False: Expectancy theory is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness.

the quality of interpersonal treatment received.

Interactional justice is the perceived fairness of

process

A(n) ________ theory attempts to describe how various person and environmental factors affect motivation.

i-deals

Of the approaches to job design, _________ is the most recently evolved and attempts to merge earlier perspectives.

Maslow’s need hierarchy theory

________ states that motivation is a function of five basic needs that are met sequentially.

content and process.

The two general categories of motivation theories are

competence, autonomy, relatedness

An innate need exists at birth. According to the self-determination theory, which of the following lists the three innate needs?

True

True or False: In equity theory, you compare your outputs and inputs to those of another person.

Intrinsic motivation

________ results when an individual gains satisfaction and self-praise from an assignment.

top-down

In ________ job design, managers change employees’ tasks with the intent of increasing motivation and productivity.

Theory Y

At Regal Company, employees and teams had higher performance, greater job satisfaction, and increased organizational commitment when their managers showed ________ behaviors.

virtual

Michele is a freelancer who works with a publishing company on an editorial team. She resides in Connecticut, while the company is based in Illinois. Michele attends team meetings via Skype and is in constant email contact. This is an example of a(n) ________ team.

Team performance strategies

________ are deliberate plans that outline exactly what the team is to do, such as goal setting and defining roles.

True

True or False: Groups share norms and have goals.

Group roles and norms

________ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior.

forming

Group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about such unknowns as their roles, the people in charge, and the group’s goals during the ________ stage.

Trust

________ is a reciprocal belief that another person will consider how their intentions and behaviors will affect you.

contractual trust.

Linda wants to leave her company. No one ever seems to do what they say they will do. In addition, her manager’s expectations seem to change from one day to the next. Linda is missing

storming

Individual issues such as “What’s my role here?” and group issues such as “Why are we fighting over who is in charge and who does what?” are part of which stage of group development?

role

Groups transform individuals into functioning organizational members communicating and enforcing ________ expectations.

team

A ________ is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

Competence

________ trust addresses the question: “How effectively do people meet or perform their responsibilities and acknowledge other people’s skills and abilities?”

committed, collaborative, and competent.

Norman is elected president of the debate club. He is known as a team player. That means that Norman is

coordinate interdepartmental efforts

Which of the following is an organizational function of a group?

True

True or False: Trusting employees provide tremendous benefits to their employers including guarding against job stress.

someone who clarifies pertinent values

Which of the following is not a group maintenance role?

damage employee morale and loyalty.

Some organizations block employees’ access to social media sites. This can

noise

Amy receives a note from Carrie, asking her to pick up some materials for a project from Staples. Amy does the shopping, but misses a few items because she can’t decipher Carrie’s writing. This is an example of

It can create many legal, financial, and personnel risks.

Why is it critical for managers to develop policies and procedures governing the appropriate use of social media?

boast about themselves.

The ways in which women communicate differently from men include all except

Linguistic style

________ is a set of culturally learned signals by which we communicate what we mean and interpret others’ meanings and evaluate one another as people.

Defensiveness

________ occurs when people perceive that they are being attacked or threatened.

nonverbal communication

Jennie and Lacey are having an argument. As Lacey speaks, Jennie crosses her arms and looks at the ground. Lacey gets the message even though Jennie isn’t saying anything. Jennie is using ________ in the conversation with Lacey.

True

True or False: Research suggests that the use of gestures can help in the process of learning and comprehension in both adults and children.

True

True or False: Communication competence is a performance-based index of an individual’s abilities to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context.

media richness

Neil is attending a job fair. He knows that there is a lot of competition for these positions and wants to stand out. Neil practices his greeting and “elevator” pitch in front of a mirror. He brings copies of his résumé and business cards. On each card, he notes his blog site address. On the blog, he has comments on several recent articles about new technologies in this field. Neil is maximizing

Millennial

What generation prefers instant messaging and texting over phone calls, letters, and reports?

involved

Alicia is meeting with her study group. She is listening to the group, but is also worried about her dad who is scheduled for surgery tomorrow. She hasn’t asked as many questions or provided much information as she usually does. Alicia will focus on the conversation for a while, but then sits back and stares ahead. This is an example of a(n) ________ listener.

personal stability

Otto is convinced that social media offers many benefits for employees and wants to institute a plan at Compass Inc. Which of the following is not a potential benefit for employees?

Encoding

________ is the process of translating thoughts into a code or language that can be understood by others.

Communication

________ is a circular and dynamic process in which people interpret and make sense of the information they exchange.

generate alternative solutions.

Nicole is a manager at a fast food restaurant. She is under a lot of pressure from headquarters to increase her monthly profits. Nicole isn’t sure what the solution is for her financial dilemma. She decides to use the rational decision-making model to determine the best path for a solution. The problem has already been defined by headquarters. Now Nicole has to

problem formulation/definition.

The first stage of the creative performance behavior process is

Group cohesiveness

________ is the sense of “we-ness” that overrides individual differences and motives.

Groupthink

________ is a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when members’ strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action.

Automated experiences

________ represent(s) a choice based on a familiar situation and a partially subconscious application of learned information related to it.

Judgmental heuristics

________ represent(s) cognitive shortcuts or biases that are used to simplify the process of making decisions.

True

True or False: A decision maximizes shareholder value when it increases profits for an organization because these profits are eventually distributed to shareholders.

False

True or False: A holistic hunch represents a judgment that is based on a conscious integration stored in memory.

rational

The ________ model of decision making assumes that managers are completely objective and possess all information for their decisions. In this model, decisions demonstrate excellent logic.

idea evaluation/validation

Selecting the most creative and promising idea from among multiple options relies on analytical and mainly conscious thinking. This is ________, the final stage of the creative performance process.