Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt 1901-1912

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the progressive era and the role of Theodore Roosevelt in American history, focusing on reforms and social changes between 1901 and 1912.

Progressivism

A diverse reform movement aimed at addressing social issues and political corruption in the early 20th century in America.

Muckrakers

Journalists and writers who investigated and exposed societal issues and corruption, significantly influencing public opinion and policy.

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program that aimed for fairness in labor conditions, corporate regulation, and consumer protection.

17th Amendment

Constitutional amendment that established the direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote.

The Jungle

Upton Sinclair's novel highlighting the unsanitary conditions in the meat industry, leading to food safety reforms.

Child Labor

The practice of employing children in industry or business, heavily criticized and addressed through reform movements in the early 1900s.

Social Gospel

A religious movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that applied Christian ethics to social problems.

Women's Suffrage

The movement advocating for women's right to vote, gaining traction during the progressive era.

Theodore Roosevelt

26th President of the United States who championed Progressivism and became known for his anti-trust actions and conservation efforts.

Taft's Dollar Diplomacy

Foreign policy that promoted U.S. financial interests abroad to ensure political stability and maintain the open door policy in trade.

Prohibition

A nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States from 1920 to 1933.

Labor Unions

Organizations formed by workers to advocate for their rights, better working conditions, and fair wages, playing a critical role during the Progressive Era.

Federal Reserve Act

An act passed in 1913 that established the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the U.S., aimed at providing a safer and more flexible monetary system.

Settlement Houses

Community centers established in urban areas to provide services such as education, healthcare, and housing assistance, often focusing on helping the poor and immigrants.

Initiative

A process that allows citizens to propose legislation or constitutional amendments through petition and vote in a direct manner.

Referendum

A direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal and can result in the adoption of new laws.

Recall Election

A procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office before the end of their term through a direct vote.

New Deal

A series of programs and policies implemented by Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression, aimed at economic recovery and social reform.

Hull House

A settlement house founded by Jane Addams in Chicago, providing social services and education to immigrants and the poor in the early 20th century.

The Progressive Era

A period of social activism and political reform in the United States from the 1890s to the 1920s, aimed at addressing issues caused by industrialization, urbanization, and corruption.

Trust-Busting

Government activities aimed at breaking up monopolies and trusts, particularly during the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt.

Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

An organization that promoted temperance and played a significant role in the American Prohibition movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Antitrust Laws

Legislation enacted to prevent anti-competitive business practices and promote fair competition, including the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.

Social Security Act

A 1935 law that established a system of old-age benefits for workers and benefits for the unemployed, disabled, and dependent mothers and children.

Public Health Reform

Efforts made during the Progressive Era to improve sanitation, public health, and living conditions in urban areas.

Temperance Movement

A social movement aimed at reducing or prohibiting the consumption of alcohol, which gained momentum during the Progressive Era.

Meat Inspection Act

A 1906 law that authorized the U.S. Department of Agriculture to inspect and regulate meat processing, spurred by public outcry after the publication of 'The Jungle.'

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

An independent agency of the U.S. government established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and promote consumer protection.

Women's Suffrage Movement

The campaign for women's right to vote that culminated in the 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, granting women the right to participate in elections.

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

An organization founded in 1909 to promote civil rights and eliminate racial discrimination through legal challenges and public education.

New Nationalism

The progressive political philosophy of Theodore Roosevelt, advocating for strong government action to regulate the economy and promote social justice.

Community Organizing

A process by which community members come together to take collective action for social change, often significant during the Progressive Era.