NHPs Week 2 Lab Procedures

What is the name of the facility used to house germ free animals?

Barrier facility

What is the name of the facility used to house animals with infectious or zoonotic diseases?

Containment facility

What is the name of the best plastic used for cages that is transparent and has high impact strength?

Polycarbonate

Animal rooms must have a minimum of how many air changes per hour?

10-15

What type of room should be under negative air pressure?

Infectious ward

What is a microenvironment?

The environment immediately surrounding an animal

What is a thermoneutral zone?

The temperature range that an animal does not need external mechanisms to control heat loss or production

A diurnal lighting system uses how many hours of light and how many hours of darkness?

12 hours of both

Animals kept in animal rooms and experiment areas that undergo periodic testing to identify the presence of microorganisms in colonies

Sentinels

How long should NHPs be in quarantine if wild caught?

60 days

Define vivarium.

An enclosed area used for keeping and raising plants and animals for observation or research

What class are NHPs?

Mammalia

What are the two major orders of non-human primates?

Prosimii (tree shrews/lemurs) and Anthropoidea/Simians (Lesser/great apes, humans, new world/old world primates)

What is the scientific name for a chimpanzee?

Pan troglodyte

What is the scientific name for a Rhesus monkey?

Macaca mulatta

What is the scientific name for a Cynomolgus monkey?

Macaca fasicularis

What research is the squirrel monkey used for?

Atherosclerosis

What research is the owl monkey used for?

Malaria

What is the name of the hard keratinized pads on OWP’s buttocks?

Ischial callosities

What committee was created to prepare a national plan for the use of NHPs in research?

Interagency Primate Steering Committee (1974)

What are some methods of restraint for NHPs?

Manual, collar and pole, squeeze cage, positive reinforcement training, and chemical

What is the most common blood sample site for NHPs?

Femoral vein

What is the name for a cage where urine and fecal samples can be easily collected?

Metabolic cage

Where is a tuberculin test done on an NHP?

Upper eyelid

What are the two biggest zoonotic concerns from NHPs?

Tuberculosis and hepatitis B

What is the ailment highly contagious and 100% fatal that affects NHPs?

Filovirus

NHPs represent what percentage of animals used in biomedical research?

0.3%

What is the only acceptable method of euthanasia for NHPs?

Injectable barbiturate overdose

What are the two most common bacteria associated with gastroenteritis in NHPs?

Shigella flexneri and Campylobacter jejuni

The organism that causes oral ulcers in humans and can cause fatal infections in NHPs is?

Herpes hominis

What are the reservoir hosts for psuedotuberculosis?

Wild rodents and birds

What are the two most common NWPs used in research?

Squirrel monkey and owl monkey

What temperature and humidity must rodents be kept at?

18-26C and 40-60% humidity

What are the two most common OWPs used in research?

Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis

What family do rats and mice belong to?

Murine

What is the “conventional” class of research animals?

Animals with undefined or unknown microflora

What is the “Axenic” class of research animals?

Germ-free, no evidence of microorganisms

What is the “Specific Pathogen Free” class of research animals?

Free of certain pathogens, but undefined microflora

What is the most common species used in research?

Mouse

To sanitize a large piece of equipment like a transport cage what should be used?

Rack cage washer

What is the best caging system for near-term pregnant rats?

Shoebox

What is a disadvantage of wire mesh floor cages?

Animals can’t create a microenvironment

What is the caging system that provides excellent protection from disease?

Microisolator

What is a HEPA?

A type of filter

What is teratology?

The study of abnormal fetal development

What disease is the armadillo a great animal model for?

Leprosy

What is the best cage type for housing NHPs?

Squeeze

What animals can’t synthesize vitamin C?

Guinea pigs and NHPs

The macaca is the natural host for what zoonotic disease?

Herpes B

What monkey is not considered an ape?

Baboon

What are some characteristics of NWPs?

Prehensile tail, 36 permanent teeth, rounded skulls

What are some characteristics of OWPs?

Nasal orifices closer together and pointed down, cheek pouches in some, flat skulls with brow ridges, 32 permanent teeth

What is the small South African primate commonly used in research?

Common Marmoset

What human viral disease is contagious to NHPs?

Measles

What NHP doesn’t carry Herpes B?

Cebus

What NHP is considered platyrrhine or broad nosed?

Saimiri

What are some PPEs for handling NHPs?

Face shield/goggles, gloves, full length arm covers

What testing must be done along with a 60 day quarantine on wild caught NHPs?

5 tuberculin tests must be done every 14 days and must be negative in order to incorporate the NHP.

What is a common ailment in NHP colonies?

Gastroenteritis

What is tuberculosis?

A very zoonotic respiratory disease commonly spread through the aerosol route but can also include bites and scratches. Earliest clinical manifestations include lethargy, weight loss, generally not doing well.

What is herpesvirus?

Herpesvirus is a viral disease causing oral lesions and in some NHPs causes a fatal infection characterized by oral ulceration, conjunctivitis, meningitis, or encephalitis.

What is hepatitis?

Hepatitis A transmission is spread by the fecal-oral route and is found naturally in rhesus/cynomolgus monkey and is zoonotic, hepatitis B virus is spread by the aerosol route or contact with body fluids and is found in chimpanzees

What is measles?

Measles is caused by a human virus and is not usually deadly in NWPs, in OWPs it can be deadly and is characterized by a rash on the chest, nasal/ocular discharge, and blepharitis.