Phycology Unit 3 Mod 26, 28-30

cognition

the mental abilities of concepts, problem solving, and decision making

concepts

grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

prototypes

mental image or best representation of conceptual category → car for motor vehicle or poet vs. truck driver

representativeness

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problem solving strategies and obstacles

trial and error, obstacles

trail and error

try things and if they are wrong or don’t work then try something else

algorithms

methodical, logical procedure where all possibilities are considered

heuristics

simple thinking strategies. use judgement/prior knowledge to solve problems efficiently (juice example)

insight

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confirmation bias

tendency to search for info that confirms a personal bias

fixation

an inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective this impedes problem solving

mental set fixation

the tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often the way that was successful in the past

decision making

intuition, heuristics, availability heuristics

intuition

our fast, automatic, unreasoned feelings and thoughts (umbrella vs. rain jacket)

availability heuristic

explains why sometimes our quick decisions aren’t so good

overconfidence

tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments

belief perseverance

clinging to an initial conception despite evidence to the contrary

framing

decisions and judgments may be significant affected depending upon how an issue is presented

creativity and sternberg’s ideas

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intelligence

the ability to learn from experience solve problems, and use our knowledge to adapt to new situations

IQ score

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general intelligence (g)

coined by charles spearman a common level of ability among clusters of skills

spearman’s work

helped develop factor analysis

thurstone’s work

identified 7 different clusters of priming mental abilities

gardner’s multiple intelligences

proposed that we have multiple (8) types of intelligences

sternberg’s three intelligences

analytical (academic problem-solving), creative, practical

analytical intelligence

academic problem-solving

creative intelligence

practical intelligence

emotional intelligence

intelligence assessment

aptitude tests (like WAIS, WISC, Stanford-Binet)

Achievement tests