Ap Psych Unit 8: Abnormal Psychology and Treatment

5 Key Factors of Disorders

Atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, unjustifiable, and chronic/enduring.

Atypical

If something is abnormal/weird from typical behavior.

Disturbing

Something that causes anxiety/worrying to others.

Maladaptive

Something that’s harmful to oneself, or others.

Unjustifiable

Something that doesn’t have a good reason/explanation.

Chronic/Enduring

When something is lasting or permanent.

The Medical Model

Mental health needs to be diagnosed, treated, and cured.

DSM-V

Something that classifies/diagnoses disorders. Like web MD.

Neurotic Disorders

Still allows one to function.

Psychotic Disorders

Irrationality, and tougher to deal with.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A prediction that turns out to happen, partially because of the persons belief or mindset.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Someone that’s always tense and uneasy.

Panic Disorder/Panic Attacks

Anxiety reaches the level of having panic attacks.

Phobic Disorders

Irrational factors cause a typical, maladaptive, and unjustifiable fear.

Social Anxiety Disorder

WHen people feel intensely fearful of participating in social situations.

Agoraphobia

The fear of an open space/crowds.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Repetitive thought and/or actions that interfere with how we live/causes distress.

PTSD

Experience of a traumatic event leads to symptoms such as anxiety, edginess, etc.

Somatic Symptom Disorders

Physical symptoms without apparent physical causes.

Conversion Disorder

Anxiety switches to physical issues.

Illness Anxiety Disorders (Formerly Hypochondriasis)

Normal things are perceived as a crisis.

Dissociative Disorders

A loss of memory, feelings, and thoughts.

Amnesia

A major disconnect with memory

Dissociative Amnesia

Traumatic events/select memories are forgotten.

Anterograde Amnesia

Failue to form memories and remember events after trauma/illness.

Retrograde Amnesia

Failure to recall memories that occured before trauma/illness.

Fugue

Leaving one’s identity and starting a new one.

D.I.D

When someone has two or more distinct personalities.

Major Depressive Disorder

Hopelessness and lethargy.

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Depression caused by lack of quality sunlight.

Dysthymis Disorder

Being in a depressed mood for an extended period of time.

Bipolar Disorder

Switch between depression and manic states.

Mania

Overexcited, hyperactive, possibly reckless, few inhibitions, and talkative.

Attribution

Explanations and reasoning. Where do we lay credit/blame?

Rumination

When someone has compulsive fretting/overthinking.

Schizophrenic Disorders

“Split mind”, being split from reality, from normal thinking and feelings, etc.

Positive Symptoms

Presence of inappropriate thoughts and behaviors. Disorganized, deluded, and inappropriate emotions.

Negative Symptoms

Absence of appropriate thoughts/behaviors. Toneless, stiff, and cold.

Disorganized/Fragmented Thoughts (+or -)

They’re all over the place, and can’t stay on one topic.

Delusions (+)

False beliefs.

Hallucinations (+)

Sensory experiences without sensory input.

Flat Affect (-)

State of extreme apathy, a lack of any emotion.

Catatonia (-)

Motionlessness or very limited movement.

Acute Onset of Schizophrenia

Chronic/Process Onset of Schizophrenia

Histrionic Disorder

A need for attention, praise and recognition at high levels.

Narcissistic Disorder

Inflate self-importance, grandiose view of self, and a lack of empathy towards others.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Unstable identity, impulsive behaviors, and a struggle to project towards the future.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Overly eccentric behavior, a lack of social care, and dismissal of social norms.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Lack of conscience/concern for others.

Eclectic Approach

Most psychologists use multiple techniques to assess someone.

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Bring the source of trouble into the consciousness, then a therapist can interpret it.

Blocks

Thought deprivation/being stuck on one thing.

Transference

When feeling from other sources are directed onto a therapist.

Psychodynamic Therapy

Find sources of trouble from in the past.

Interpersonal Therapy

Focus on any underlying sources of problems in current relationships.

Humanistic Therapy

Focus on the present, growth, consciousness, and self awareness.

Person-Centered Therapy

When the therapist listens, and lets the clients direct the session.

Active Listening

Becoming a psychological mirror, hitting them with applicable questions, and bouncing ideas back at them.

Behavioral Therapy

Focus on changing the behavior/actions and associations.

Exposure Therapy

Expose clients to sources of trouble so that they can create new associations.

Systematic Desensitization

Create a hierarchy of anxiety and build up to confrontation.

Aversive Conditioning

Pair bad behaviors with negative stimuli.

Token Economy

Receive a “token” for positive acts that can be exchanged for “real” rewards.

Cognitive Therapy

Thoughts influence behavior/actions. The way that we end up thinking.

Rational-Emotive Therapy

Destroy any hard thoughts/ideas. Replace negative things with positive.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Work on how the patient thinks, and their behaviors.

Self-Help/Support Groups

When you’re among others that have similar experiences as you.

Family Therapy

Can bring a family together and help fix a long-lasting problem.

Psychopharmacology

When drugs/medicine is used to treat disorders.

Antipsychotics

Drugs that balance symptoms/block any bad activity.

Antianxiety

Drugs that try to decrease any negative symptoms.

Antidepressants

Drugs that increase mood through control of the brain and body activity.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)

Drugs that keep as much serotonin available as possible.

Lithium

A simple salt used to balance any bipolar swings.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

A coil that delivers magnetic pulses that stimulate nerve cells in the region of your brain involved with mood control/depression.

Psychosurgery

Removes lesions/brain tissue to cure a disorder.

Lobotomy

Disconnects part of the frontal lobe.