307 EXAM #1 Objectives Review

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on nursing, health, social determinants of health, community-based nursing, health promotion, emotional responses and mood disorders, Reformed Christian Worldview, partnerships, therapeutic relationships, and nursing and culture.

A newly graduated nurse is orienting to the profession. Which statement best reflects an understanding of the 'Discipline of Nursing'?

A. The discipline of nursing primarily focuses on bedside care in acute settings.

B. Nursing is solely about implementing a physician's orders and administering medications.

C. The discipline encompasses diverse perspectives and practices aimed at promoting holistic well-being.

D. Nursing is a rigid, unchanging field guided by historical practices only.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: The 'Discipline of Nursing' is introduced as covering various perspectives and practices within the field, emphasizing its broad and dynamic scope beyond specific tasks or settings.

A community health nurse is planning interventions to improve the well-being of a local population. When considering the concept of 'Health' that nursing aims to promote and protect, which aspect is most crucial to address?

A. The individual's personal lifestyle choices.

B. The availability of advanced surgical procedures.

C. The influence of social determinants like economic stability and access to education.

D. The prevalence of chronic diseases within the community.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: Health, as a concept that nursing aims to promote and protect, is explicitly defined as being influenced by social determinants, highlighting their crucial role in individual and community health outcomes.

A nurse is educating a group of healthy adults on maintaining well-being. Which intervention is an example of 'Health Promotion'?

A. Administering vaccinations to prevent communicable diseases.

B. Conducting vision and hearing screenings in schools.

C. Providing nutritional counseling on healthy eating habits.

D. Referring a client with hypertension to a cardiac rehabilitation program.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: Health promotion focuses on improving health through methods like nutritional counseling to enhance overall well-being. Vaccinations are primary health protection, screenings are secondary, and rehabilitation is tertiary.

Which nursing action exemplifies 'Primary Health Protection'?

A. Educating a client on how to manage their newly diagnosed diabetes.

B. Conducting a blood pressure screening clinic in a community center.

C. Providing immunizations at a public health clinic.

D. Referring a client for physical therapy after a stroke.

Correct Answer:

C. Rationale: Primary health protection is aimed at preventing disease occurrence, such as through immunizations. Managing diabetes is tertiary, screenings are secondary, and physical therapy after a stroke is tertiary.

A nurse is working in an oncology clinic. Which intervention is an example of 'Secondary Health Protection'?

A. Advising a client to stop smoking to prevent lung cancer.

B. Performing regular Papanicolaou (Pap) tests for early detection of cervical cancer.

C. Teaching a client with advanced cancer about pain management strategies.

D. Providing a balanced diet plan to a healthy individual.

Correct Answer: B.

Rationale: Secondary health protection focuses on early detection and intervention for existing conditions, like Pap tests for cervical cancer. Advising to stop smoking is primary prevention, pain management is tertiary, and healthy diet planning is health promotion.

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which intervention demonstrates 'Tertiary Health Protection'?

A. Encouraging the client to get an annual flu shot.

B. Screening the client for early signs of pneumonia.

C. Assisting the client with pulmonary rehabilitation exercises.

D. Educating the client on the dangers of air pollution.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: Tertiary health protection aims at managing existing illnesses to prevent complications and improve quality of life, such as through pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD. Flu shots are primary, screening for pneumonia is secondary, and education on air pollution is primary.

A nurse is assessing a family's health needs. The nurse notes that the family lives in an area with limited access to fresh food options and has unstable employment. These factors are considered 'Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)' because they:

A. Directly cause specific genetic diseases.

B. They are primarily individual lifestyle choices.

C. Influence individual health outcomes.

D. Are independent of community resources.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) are defined by their influence on individual health outcomes, encompassing various domains like economic stability, neighborhood and built environment, and food access.

A home health nurse provides care to an individual in their residence. This approach, focusing on the client's immediate needs within their environment, is characteristic of which nursing philosophy?

A. Community-focused nursing.

B. Public health nursing.

C. Community-based nursing.

D. Population health nursing.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: 'Community-based Nursing' is characterized by its focus on individual and family care within their specific community settings, such as a home, addressing immediate needs.

A public health nurse is developing a program to reduce the incidence of obesity in an entire school district. This approach, targeting the health of a population group, is an example of:

A. Community-based nursing.

B. Curative care nursing.

C. Community-focused nursing.

D. Acute care nursing.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: 'Community-focused Nursing' differentiates itself from community-based nursing by its primary goals, which often involve addressing the health of aggregate groups or populations within a community, rather than individual care.

A nurse is preparing a discharge plan for a client recovering from surgery. To ensure the client's successful recovery at home, the nurse identifies local food banks, transportation services, and support groups. These are examples of:

A. Informal support networks.

B. Community Resources.

C. Clinical care extensions.

D. Private health services.

Correct Answer: B.

Rationale: 'Community Resources' are described as necessary tools utilized for promoting and protecting the health of individuals and families within their communities, which include services like food banks and support groups.

A nurse caring for a client struggling with a mood disorder seeks to integrate a 'Reformed Christian Worldview (RCW)' into their practice. How might RCW primarily inform the nurse's approach?

A. By focusing solely on spiritual interventions, disregarding medical treatments.

B. By emphasizing human brokenness and God's redemptive work, influencing compassionate care.

C. By promoting stoicism and suppression of emotions as a coping mechanism.

D. By advocating for a detached and objective stance to maintain professional boundaries.

Correct Answer: B.

Rationale: The Reformed Christian Worldview (RCW) informs the discipline of nursing in its relationship to persons struggling with mood disorders by acknowledging human brokenness and the context of God’s redemptive work, which fosters a compassionate and hope-filled approach to care while still valuing medical and therapeutic interventions.

A nurse is formulating a health protection plan for a client diagnosed with bipolar disorder. What is a key consideration based on the nursing direction for 'Mood Disorders'?

A. Mood disorders are solely genetic, so environmental factors are irrelevant.

B. National initiatives provide nursing direction for these conditions, requiring comprehensive promotion and protection strategies.

C. All mood disorders have the same etiological factors and respond to identical treatments.

D. Nursing care for mood disorders is limited to medication management.

Correct Answer: B.

Rationale: Mood disorders are identified as conditions for which national initiatives provide nursing direction, with various etiological factors, requiring comprehensive health promotion and protection strategies.

In establishing a 'Therapeutic Relationship' with a client experiencing anxiety, a nurse prioritizes shared decision-making and mutual respect. This approach emphasizes the importance of which underlying nursing concept?

A. Autonomy.

B. Partnerships.

C. Professionalism.

D. Empathy.

Correct Answer: B.

Rationale: 'Partnerships' are described as a concept, along with core virtues, used in the care of individuals struggling with mood disorders and in establishing therapeutic relationships, highlighting collaboration and shared responsibility.

A nurse is providing care to an adolescent struggling with depression. The nurse consistently demonstrates compassion, honesty, and integrity in their interactions. These qualities are examples of:

A. Professional boundaries.

B. Core Virtues.

C. Clinical competencies.

D. Self-care strategies.

Correct Answer: B.

Rationale: 'Core Virtues' are explicitly mentioned as being used in conjunction with partnerships in the care of persons across the lifespan struggling with mood disorders, indicating qualities like compassion, honesty, and integrity.

A nurse is developing a health protection plan for a client with a new diagnosis of depression. The nurse systematically assesses the client's needs, identifies nursing diagnoses, plans interventions, implements them, and evaluates the outcomes. This structured approach exemplifies the:

A. Medical model.

B. Nursing Process.

C. Biopsychosocial framework.

D. Case management approach.

Correct Answer: B.

Rationale: The 'Nursing Process' is defined as a systematic framework utilized to design health protection plans, especially for persons struggling with mood disorders, encompassing assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

During the initial phase of a 'Therapeutic Relationship' with a client, the nurse should primarily focus on:

A. Solving the client's problems immediately.

B. Establishing trust and rapport.

C. Sharing personal experiences to build a connection.

D. Giving direct advice and instructions.

Correct Answer: B.

Rationale: Therapeutic relationships are professional relationships characterized by distinct phases. The initial (orientation) phase is crucial for establishing trust and rapport, setting the foundation for effective care.

In nursing, the 'Metaparadigm Concept of Environment' is understood to have a significant relationship with and influence on:

A. Individual genetic predispositions.

B. The nurse's personal belief system.

C. Culture.

D. Technological advancements in healthcare.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: The 'Metaparadigm Concept of Environment' is specifically linked to its relationship to and influence on culture within nursing's foundational concepts, recognizing how surroundings shape beliefs and practices.

A nurse recognizes that a client's health-seeking behaviors are deeply influenced by their family traditions, spiritual beliefs, and community practices. These elements are all characteristics of:

A. Socioeconomic status.

B. Personality traits.

C. Culture.

D. Individual preferences.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: 'Culture' is described by its characteristics, including family traditions, spiritual beliefs, and community practices, and its intersection with health and healthcare.

A nurse believes that their own cultural practices are superior to those of their clients and evaluates client behaviors based on their own cultural standards. This perspective is known as:

A. Cultural relativism.

B. Cultural competency.

C. Ethnocentrism.

D. Cultural humility.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: 'Ethnocentrism' is defined as a perspective with damaging effects, where one evaluates other cultures according to the preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.

A nurse observes that healthcare resources are systematically withheld or provided inadequately to certain racial groups within the community, leading to poorer health outcomes for those groups. This situation is an example of:

A. Unconscious bias.

B. Discrimination.

C. Stereotyping.

D. Racism.

Correct Answer: D.

Rationale: 'Racism' is described as a harmful ideology with damaging effects, which can manifest as systemic inequities in healthcare access and provision based on race, leading to disparities in health outcomes.

A nursing student, when conducting an assessment, assumes that all elderly clients are hard of hearing and speaks loudly without first assessing their hearing ability. This action is an example of:

A. Empathy.

B. Generalization.

C. Stereotyping.

D. Cultural awareness.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: 'Stereotyping' is defined as the act of generalizing, with damaging effects, often based on preconceived notions about a group rather than individual assessment.

A nurse is caring for a client from a different cultural background. The nurse actively seeks to understand the client's health beliefs and practices, adapts care plans to align with these beliefs where safe, and reflects on their own biases. This approach demonstrates:

A. Cultural assimilation.

B. Cultural insensitivity.

C. Cultural Sensitivity.

D. Cultural imposition.

Correct Answer: C.

Rationale: 'Cultural Sensitivity' is defined as the concept of being aware and respectful of cultural differences in nursing practice, involving understanding and adapting care to align with diverse beliefs.

According to 'Leininger's Theory of Culture Care,' what is the primary emphasis for nurses providing effective care?

A. Focusing solely on the biological aspects of illness.

B. Understanding and incorporating the client's cultural values and beliefs into care.

C. Prioritizing technological interventions over traditional healing practices.

D. Ensuring that all clients receive standardized care regardless of cultural background.

Correct Answer: B.

Rationale: Leininger's Theory of Culture Care describes the importance of culture in providing effective nursing care, emphasizing that care must be culturally congruent and respect the client's worldview, values, and practices.