Social and Global Issues (AQA) - Mandarin

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"Economic Disparities"

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29 Terms

1

"Economic Disparities"

"The unequal distribution of wealth and resources between urban and rural areas in China, leading to differences in infrastructure, healthcare, and education."

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2

"Gini Coefficient"

"A measure of income inequality, with a high value indicating a significant disparity between the rich and poor."

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3

"Urban-Rural Divide"

"The contrast in living conditions and access to services between urban centers like Beijing and Shanghai and rural areas in China."

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4

"New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme"

"A Chinese government program aimed at improving healthcare coverage and affordability for rural residents."

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5

"Educational Disparities"

"The significant differences in quality and resources between educational institutions in urban and rural areas in China."

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6

"Social Mobility"

"The ability of individuals to move up or down the social ladder, which is influenced by factors such as geography, wealth, and education."

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7

"Four Modernizations"

"An initiative aimed at modernizing China’s science and technology, national defense, industry, and agriculture to boost social mobility."

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8

"Demographic Transition"

"The shift in population dynamics, including an aging population and slower growth rates, which impact social services and economic prospects."

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9

"One-Child Policy"

"A policy introduced in 1979 that restricted most families to having a single child to control population growth."

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10

"Two-Child Policy"

"The policy introduced in 2016 to replace the One-Child Policy, allowing families to have two children in response to demographic concerns."

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11

"Gender Imbalance"

"A demographic issue resulting from a cultural preference for male children, leading to increased female infanticide and a skewed gender ratio."

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12

"Hukou System"

"A household registration system in China that affects migration and access to services, which is being reformed to better integrate migrant workers into urban areas."

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13

"Internal Migration"

"The movement of people from rural to urban areas in China seeking better economic opportunities, contributing to rapid urbanization."

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14

"Urbanization"

"The process of population growth in urban areas, leading to modernization but also causing issues like congestion and housing affordability."

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15

"Social Stratification"

"The hierarchical arrangement of individuals in society based on factors such as wealth, education, and occupation, affecting social mobility."

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16

"Air Pollution"

"The contamination of the atmosphere in cities like Beijing caused by coal burning, automobile exhaust, and industrial activities."

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17

"Water Pollution"

"The degradation of water quality in rivers and lakes, such as the Yangtze River, due to agricultural runoff and industrial discharge."

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18

"Renewable Energy"

"Energy sources such as solar and wind power that China is increasingly adopting to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change."

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19

"Carbon Footprint"

"The total amount of greenhouse gases produced by human activities, which China aims to reduce through various climate policies."

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20

"Paris Agreement"

"An international climate agreement that China participates in, aiming to limit global warming and support sustainable development."

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21

"Biodiversity"

"The variety of plant and animal life in China, which the government seeks to preserve through national parks and conservation programs."

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22

"Wolong National Nature Reserve"

"A protected area in China dedicated to the conservation of giant pandas and other endangered species."

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23

"South China Tiger"

"A critically endangered species with breeding programs established by the Chinese government to prevent its extinction."

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24

"Belt and Road Initiative"

"A global development strategy by China aimed at improving trade and connectivity between nations through infrastructure investments."

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25

"World Trade Organization (WTO)"

"An international organization China is a member of, involved in regulating and facilitating international trade agreements."

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26

"Human Rights Concerns"

"Issues related to the treatment of ethnic minorities and restrictions on freedoms in China that attract international scrutiny."

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27

"Trade Disputes"

"Conflicts between China and other countries, such as the United States, arising from tariffs, trade imbalances, and intellectual property rights."

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28

"Climate Adaptation"

"Measures taken by China to prepare for and mitigate the impacts of climate change, including infrastructure investments and disaster preparedness."

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29

"Economic Growth vs. Human Rights"

"The balancing act China faces between pursuing economic development and addressing international criticisms related to human rights issues."

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