SOL 8 b-d

struggles of immigrants

• poverty

• lack of jobs (low-paying)

• poor living conditions

• discrimination

reasons for im.

• eco opp

• escape persecution

• hope of Am dream

chinese im struggles

• lang barriers

• uncertain work

• racial discrimination

queue ordinance

• california

• outlawed wearing of long braids by chinese im

page act

• federal law

• blocked US entry for chinese, japanese, & other asian laborers

chinese exclusion act

• federal law that banned us im

• replaced by geary act

• chinese-am had to obtain certificate of residency or be deported

italian im reasons

due to discrimination & hardships between north and south

• religious differences + land shortages

italian im discr

• fear of taking am jobs

• lack of edu

birds of passage

those who came to US to work temporarily; never intended to make US home

irish im

many were protestant, others catholic

• fear of pope + spreading catholicism

• most were poor & competed with native Am for jobs

irish im struggles

• taking US jobs

• called lazy, drunkards, etc.

assimilation

becoming part of another, more dominant society by adopting their culture

ellis island

new york

angel island

california

• entryway for asian im

early labor unions

created to bring attention to unfair, unsafe, + discrimination practice

captain of industry

one who made major advancement that contributed to the success of economy

robber baron

business owner who cut costs, paid low wages, and accused of unethical business practices

monopolies

one company controls the production of goods & services

andrew carnegie

steel (bessemer process)

JP morgan

banking (business owners)

john rockefeller

oil

• first refinery - cleveland, OH

• 90% of pipeline

cornelius vanderbilt

railroad

• between chicago + NY

henry ford

gas powered car

• model-T

• assembly line manu

plessy vs ferguson

supreme court ruled “seperate but equal”

ida b wells

led anti-lynching crusade in US & england

• wrote several articles: southern horror + a red wrecker

booker t washington

former slave and educator

• founded tuskegee institute (edu institute of AA)

WEB dubois

believed edu should be equal

• helped found the NAACP