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Nucleus
most of genes in euk. cell
found in all euk. cells
nuclear envelope
encloses nucleus- dbl membrane
found in all euk. cells
nuclear lamina
lines nuclear envelope, maintain shape of nucleus
made of intermediate filaments (keratin)
chromosomes
carry genetic information
chromatin
DNA and proteins making up chromosomes
nucleolus
rRNA synthesis
found in all euk. cells
ribosomes
made of rRNA and proteins
protein synthesis
not membrane bound
vesicles
membrane sacs for transport
found in all euk. cells
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
synthesis of lipids
metabolism of carbs
detoxification of drugs and poisons
stores Ca ions
cisternae
found in all euk. cells
rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
cisternae
ribosomes
transports proteins
found in all euk. cells
golgie apparatus
cisternae- flattened membraneous sacs
modifies, packages, exports
found in all euk. cells
lysosomes
hydrolyzes macromolecules
only found in animal cells
vacuoles
phagocytosis
found in all euk. cells
membrane sacs for storage
Contractile vacuole
regulates osmosis
organisms live in water
some have plastids like chloroplasts
central vacuole
only found in plant cells
main repository of inorganic ionsn
mitochondria
sites of cellular respiration
found in all euk. cells
Chloroplasts
only found in plant (and algae) cells
sites for photosynthesis
contain chlorophyll
cristae
ridges on inner membrane of mitochondria
mitochondrial matrix
contains mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes
thylakoids
disks in chloroplasts in stacks called granum
stroma
fluid outside thylakoids in chloroplasts
contains chloroplast DNA and ribosomes and many enzymes
plastids
family of plant organelles
peroxisomes
found in all euk. cells
digest lipids
detoxify- make H2O and convert it to H2O2
cytoskeleton
support cell shape
microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments
motor proteins
moves vesicles along cytoskeleton
microtubules
maintain cell shape, cell motility, chromosome movement in cell division, organelle movements
thickest
cytoskeleton, centrioles, flagella, cilia
microfilaments (actin filaments)
thinnest
maintain cell shape, change in cell shape, muscle contraction, cytoplasmic streaming (plant cells) cell motility, cell division (animal cells)
cytoskeleton, microvilli, muscle contraction, cleavage furrow (mitosis)
intermediate filaments
maintain cell shape, anchorage of nucleus and other organelles, form nuclear lamina
cytoskeleton, nuclear lamina, desmosomes
centrosomes and centrioles
cell division- organize microtubule
centrosomes is an area- microtubules grow out of centrosome
cilia and flagella
microtubules
propel cells
plant cell wall
made of cellulose fibers
protects cell, maintains shape, prevents excessive uptake of water
extracellular matrix (ECM)
animal cells
collagen- glycoprotein forming strong fibers outside of cells
cell junctions- plants
plasmodesmata- unify plant cells
channel to share solutes and cytoplasm
cell junctions- animals
tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions
channel to share ions, amino acids, sugar, and for communication between cells
tight junctions
prevent leakage
desmosomes
fasten cells into strong sheets- attach muscle cells together
Gap junctions
cytoplasmic channels between cells- communication between cells
