Biology- Ch.4: A Tour of the Cell

Nucleus

most of genes in euk. cell

found in all euk. cells

nuclear envelope

encloses nucleus- dbl membrane

found in all euk. cells

nuclear lamina

lines nuclear envelope, maintain shape of nucleus

made of intermediate filaments (keratin)

chromosomes

carry genetic information

chromatin

DNA and proteins making up chromosomes

nucleolus

rRNA synthesis

found in all euk. cells

ribosomes

made of rRNA and proteins

protein synthesis

not membrane bound

vesicles

membrane sacs for transport

found in all euk. cells

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

synthesis of lipids

metabolism of carbs

detoxification of drugs and poisons

stores Ca ions

cisternae

found in all euk. cells

rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

cisternae

ribosomes

transports proteins

found in all euk. cells

golgie apparatus

cisternae- flattened membraneous sacs

modifies, packages, exports

found in all euk. cells

lysosomes

hydrolyzes macromolecules

only found in animal cells

vacuoles

phagocytosis

found in all euk. cells

membrane sacs for storage

Contractile vacuole

regulates osmosis

organisms live in water

some have plastids like chloroplasts

central vacuole

only found in plant cells

main repository of inorganic ionsn

mitochondria

sites of cellular respiration

found in all euk. cells

Chloroplasts

only found in plant (and algae) cells

sites for photosynthesis

contain chlorophyll

cristae

ridges on inner membrane of mitochondria

mitochondrial matrix

contains mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes

thylakoids

disks in chloroplasts in stacks called granum

stroma

fluid outside thylakoids in chloroplasts

contains chloroplast DNA and ribosomes and many enzymes

plastids

family of plant organelles

peroxisomes

found in all euk. cells

digest lipids

detoxify- make H2O and convert it to H2O2

cytoskeleton

support cell shape

microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

motor proteins

moves vesicles along cytoskeleton

microtubules

maintain cell shape, cell motility, chromosome movement in cell division, organelle movements

thickest

cytoskeleton, centrioles, flagella, cilia

microfilaments (actin filaments)

thinnest

maintain cell shape, change in cell shape, muscle contraction, cytoplasmic streaming (plant cells) cell motility, cell division (animal cells)

cytoskeleton, microvilli, muscle contraction, cleavage furrow (mitosis)

intermediate filaments

maintain cell shape, anchorage of nucleus and other organelles, form nuclear lamina

cytoskeleton, nuclear lamina, desmosomes

centrosomes and centrioles

cell division- organize microtubule

centrosomes is an area- microtubules grow out of centrosome

cilia and flagella

microtubules

propel cells

plant cell wall

made of cellulose fibers

protects cell, maintains shape, prevents excessive uptake of water

extracellular matrix (ECM)

animal cells

collagen- glycoprotein forming strong fibers outside of cells

cell junctions- plants

plasmodesmata- unify plant cells

channel to share solutes and cytoplasm

cell junctions- animals

tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions

channel to share ions, amino acids, sugar, and for communication between cells

tight junctions

prevent leakage

desmosomes

fasten cells into strong sheets- attach muscle cells together

Gap junctions

cytoplasmic channels between cells- communication between cells