CCMA Study Guide - General Patient Care

Lithotomy

similar to dorsal recumbant, patients feet are placed in stirrups

Left Lateral (Sims)

placed on the left side with right leg sharply bent upward and left leg slightly bent, right arm is flexed next to the head for support

Knee - Chest

patient is placed in prone, asked to pull knees to a kneeling position with thigh at a 90 degree angle

Parental Routes - Subcutaneous

injection administered below skin layer into the adipose (fat) layer; 45 degrees

Parental Routes - Intradermal

injection administered into the dermis; 5 - 15 degrees, administer 0.1 mL or less

Parental Routes - Intramuscular

injection administered into the muscle; 90 degrees, up to 3 mL in the ventrogluteal or vastus lateralis, up to 2 mL in older, thin patients, no more than 1 mL in the deltoid

Parental Routes - Intravenous

injection administered directly into the vein

Oral

taken by mouth

Sublingual

placed under the tongue

Buccal

between the cheek and the gums; rapid absorption

Inhalation

inhaled through the mouth, passes through the trachea into the lungs

Occular or Otic

drops of medication are instilled directly into the eye or the ear

Transdermal

applied to skin and designed to release slowly and systemically into circulation (adhesive)

Topical

applied to the skin or mucous membrane (faster), acts locally (creams, ointments)

Rectal

inserted into the rectum

The higher the guage, the ____ or narrower the lumen is

smaller

Subcutaneous

upper outer arm, abdominal region, upper thigh; 45 degrees, 23-25 Guage, 5/8 inch needle

Intradermal

forearm; 5-15 degrees, 25 - 27 Guage, ¼ to ½ inch needle

Intramuscular

deltoid, ventrogluteal, vastus lateralis; 90 degrees, 22-25 Guage, 1 to 1 ½ inch needle

Premeasured Syringes

emergency situations

Hypodermic Syringes

0.5 - 60 mL range, 3 mL common for administering medications

Tuberculin Syringes

0.5 mL or 1 mL - hundredths, milliliters; ex. heparin, pediatrics and diagnositc purposes

Insulin Syringes

measured in units, U-100 corresponds to insulin U-100 which means 100 units = 1 mL

Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) is paired with or has built in ______.

clinical decision support system

Multidose vials are good for ______ after opening, unless expiration occurs sooner.

28 days

Nonabsorbable Sutures

need removed after 5-6 days; differ depending on site

Absorbable Sutures

don’t need removed, absorption usually occurs 5 to 20 days after insertion

Sizes 2-0 and 6-0 are …….

most commonly used

Staples need removed within _______.

4 - 14 days

Arterial Bleeding

most severe and urgent type of bleeding; high pressure

Venous Bleeding

steady flow of dark red blood

Inflammatory Phase

3 - 4 days, pain, swelling, loss of function at wound site, blood clot forms

Proliferating Phase

4 - 21 days; fibrin threads extend across the opening of a wound and pulls edges together; cells multiply to repair, eschar (scab) forms

Maturation Phase

21 days - 12 years, tissue cells strengthen and tighten to form closure, scar forms, eventually fading and thinning

First Degree Burn

superficial, only affects outer layer of skin tissue

Second Degree Burn

partial thickness, breaks skin surface, damages underlying tissue

Third Degree Burn

deep thickness, burn is deep enough to damage nerves and bones

Fourth Degree Burn

deep full thickness, goes through both layers of skin and underlying tissue and deeper tissue, possibly involving muscle and bone

Epinephrine

treatment for anaphylatic shock

Naloxone

rapidly reverses an opiod overdose

Morphine

treatment for pain

Nitroglycerin

treatment for chest pain; sublingual or spray

Albuterol Nebulizer

treatment for difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, wheezing

Lidocaine

treat or prevent localized pain

Atropine

treatment for brachycardia

Saline (IV)

dehydration, prochior perazine

Suppositories

for nausea and vomiting