Learning and Teaching science

Cognitive Load Theory

A theory that emphasizes the limitations of working memory and how it can hinder the learning process if overloaded.

Retrieval Practice

The act of deliberately recalling information, often regarded as one of the most effective learning strategies.

Spacing Effect

The phenomenon where information is better remembered if it is studied several times over a long period rather than crammed in a short period.

Interleaving

A learning strategy that involves mixing different topics or forms of practice to enhance learning.

Metacognition

The awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes, used in learning to regulate one’s own comprehension and control.

Rosenshine's Principles of Instruction

A set of research-based guidelines for effective teaching that includes principles such as daily review, small steps, and asking questions.

Feedback

Information provided to students regarding their performance, which can be categorized by its focus on the person, outcomes, processes, or self-regulation.

Growth Mindset

The belief that one's abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and hard work.

The Watson Matrix

A framework that illustrates the interaction between talent and mindset, demonstrating that both are important for achieving success.

The Dunning-Kruger Effect

A cognitive bias wherein unskilled individuals overestimate their own ability, while skilled individuals tend to underestimate theirs.

Subitising

The ability to instantly recognize the number of items in a small group without counting.

The Curse of Knowledge

A cognitive bias that occurs when the informed person forgets what it was like to not have that knowledge.

Desirable Difficulties

Learning conditions that are challenging but effective in enhancing long-term retention and understanding of information.

Choke Points in Learning

Natural limitations within cognitive architecture that can hinder learning, such as cognitive overload and attention limitations.

Self-Regulation

The ability to monitor and control one's own learning processes and behaviors.

The Spotlight Effect

The tendency to overestimate the degree to which others notice and evaluate our actions.