Chemistry - Acids, salts and bases

acid + metal

salt + hydrogen

acid + metal oxide

salt + water

acid + metal hydroxide

salt + water

acid + metal carbonate

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

what is an acid

proton donors, releases H⁺ ions when dissolved in water

what is a base

proton acceptors, release OH^- when dissolved in water

what is an alkali

a base that is soluble in water

what colour is litmus for acidic - neutral - base

red - purple - blue

what colour is Phenolphthalein for acidic - neutral - base

colourless - pale pink - red

what colour is Methyl orange for acidic - neutral - base

red - orange - yellow

strong vs weak acids

strong acids fully dissociate in water producing H⁺ ions while weak acids only partially dissociate forming an equilibrium 

what 3 salts are all soluble

sodium, potassium, ammonium

what salt is always soluble

nitrates

common carbonates are..

insoluble , excluding sodium, potassium and ammonium

common chlorides are…

soluble, except silver and lead (||)

common sulphates are…

soluble, except barium, calcium and lead (||)

common hydroxides are…

insoluble, except sodium, potassium and calcium ( sparingly soluble )

hydrochloric acid

HCl

sulphuric acid

H₂SO₄

Nitric acid

HNO₃

Phosphoric acid

H₃PO₄

sodium hydroxide

NaOH

potassium hydroxide

KOH

Magnesium Hydroxide

Mg(OH)₂

Ammonium hydroxide

NH₄OH