Personality Exam 2

Moderators of accuracy

Factors affecting judgment accuracy: judge, target, trait, information.

Person-situation debate

Discussion on influence of personality vs. situation.

Walter Mischel

Author of 'Personality and Assessment' book.

Behavior prediction limit

Upper limit of predicting behavior is low.

Situational importance

Situations are more crucial than personality traits.

Behavior consistency

People appear more consistent than they actually are.

Single trait approach

Focus on behaviors linked to one specific trait.

Many trait approach

Examines traits related to specific behaviors.

Essential trait approach

Identifies most significant personality traits.

Typological approach

Analyzes patterns of traits in individuals.

Big Five

Personality model: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

Myers-Briggs Assessment

Personality test based on four dichotomies.

Extroversion vs. introversion

Opposing tendencies in Myers-Briggs framework.

Sensing vs. intuition

Perceptual preference in Myers-Briggs framework.

Thinking vs. feeling

Decision-making style in Myers-Briggs framework.

Judgment vs. perception

Organizational style in Myers-Briggs framework.

California Q-set

100 personality descriptions sorted into forced choices.

Lexical Hypothesis

Important traits have many descriptive words.

Allport's trait count

Identified 4500 personality-related words.

Cattell's traits

Narrowed personality traits to 16.

Fiske's Big Five

Identified five core personality factors.

Marshmallow test

Measures patience and self-control in children.

Genes and behavior

Genes influence brain development and function.

Evolutionary psychology

Explains behavior through natural context and adaptation.

Sociometer Theory

Self-esteem monitors social acceptance levels.

Fast life history strategy

Early reproduction, few resources for offspring.

Slow life history strategy

Late reproduction, extensive care for few offspring.

Behavioral observation

Research method using direct observation of behavior.

Genome Wide Association Studies

Links genes to personality traits in large samples.

Personality change

Personality evolves through life stages.

Personality stability

Consistency of traits over time.

Plasticity in personality

Ability of traits to adapt and change.

Social clock

Cultural timeline for achieving life milestones.

Narrative

Personal story constructed about one's life.

Redemption narrative

Transforming negative experiences into positive growth.

Person-environment transactions

Interactions that shape personality and environment.

Cohort effects

Age differences due to historical upbringing.

Systematic desensitization

Therapy for overcoming anxiety and phobias.

Neurological decline accelerators

Sedentary behavior, poor sleep, unhealthy diet.

Hippocampus growth

Brain area that increases with exercise.

Memory strengthening techniques

Engage in new, emotional, and mindful activities.

Sleep hygiene

Practices for improving sleep quality.

Frontal lobes role

Involved in social understanding and self-control.

Research methods for brain study

Techniques to observe brain activity.

CT scan

Imaging technique for brain structure.

PET scan

Measures brain activity through glucose metabolism.

fMRI

Functional imaging to observe brain activity.

Personality coefficient

Upper limit of personality prediction accuracy.

Good traits

Traits that are easily judged accurately.

Good targets

Consistent and well-adjusted individuals.

Neuroticism

Big Five trait linked to relationship issues.

Rank-order stability

Consistency of personality traits increases with age.

Longitudinal studies

Track development patterns over time.

Epinephrine

Stress hormone preparing body for action.

Evolutionary personality theory criticism

Fails to explain current behavioral decisions.