part 2 spcon module 5

What is this

Infection

Under infection what is this

● Process where organism in the host’s tissue ● No signs and symptoms

● May be a carrier

● Can transmit the organism to others

● Can be asymptomatic unless immune system declines

COLONIZATION OF ORGANISM:

Under infection what is this

● Occurs after an organism has replicated but remain dormant or inactive in the host (Years)

● E.g. Tuberculosis, Herpes Zoster

LATENT INFECTION:

Under infection what is this

● Period between the pathogen entering the host and the appearance of clinical symptoms ● May last from few days to months

● Depends on the causative agent

● Disease symptom will herald the incubation period

INCUBATION PERIOD:

Under nifection what is this

:

● Time period when an organism can be shed

● Hosts harbor sufficient quantities of pathogen to be shed anytime after latency and towards end of incubation period

PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF INFECTION:

● Clinical manifestations many and varied

● Depends on the pathogen and system affected

● SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS:

○ _____

○ _____

○ _____

● Change in blood composition (↑ or ↓ blood cells)

● Change in sensorium/mentation

● _____:

○ Characteristic symptom of an infectious disease

● _____:

○ Substances that causes activation of the hypothalamic center to conserve heat and increase its production

○ Produced by the endotoxins of organisms and extracts from the white blood cell

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF INFECTION:

● Clinical manifestations many and varied

● Depends on the pathogen and system affected

● SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS:

○ Fever and chills

○ Sweating, malaise

○ Nausea and vomiting

● Change in blood composition (↑ or ↓ blood cells)

● Change in sensorium/mentation

● CHANGE IN BODY TEMPERATURE:

○ Characteristic symptom of an infectious disease

● PYROGENS:

○ Substances that causes activation of the hypothalamic center to conserve heat and increase its production

○ Produced by the endotoxins of organisms and extracts from the white blood cell

● _____:

○ Characteristic symptom of an infectious disease

CHANGE IN BODY TEMP

● _____:

○ Substances that causes activation of the hypothalamic center to conserve heat and increase its production

○ Produced by the endotoxins of organisms and extracts from the white blood cell

PYROGENS

FEVER PATTERNS:

● _____

○ Temperature returns to normal at least once in every 24 hours

○ Sepsis, Abscess, Infective Endocarditis

● _____

○ Temperature fluctuates but does not return to normal

○ Viruses, Legionella, Mycoplasma

● _____

○ Temperature remains above normal with minimal variations

○ Any organism

● _____

○ Episodic fever lasting 1-3 days with 1 or more day of normal temperature between episodes

○ Tuberculosis

FEVER PATTERNS:

● INTERMITTENT FEVER

○ Temperature returns to normal at least once in every 24 hours

○ Sepsis, Abscess, Infective Endocarditis

● REMITTENT FEVER

○ Temperature fluctuates but does not return to normal

○ Viruses, Legionella, Mycoplasma

● SUSTAINED OR CONTINUOUS FEVER

○ Temperature remains above normal with minimal variations

○ Any organism

● RECURRENT OR RELAPSING FEVER

○ Episodic fever lasting 1-3 days with 1 or more day of normal temperature between episodes

○ Tuberculosis

FEVER PATTERNS:

● _____

○ Temperature returns to normal at least once in every 24 hours

○ Sepsis, Abscess, Infective Endocarditis

INTERMITTENT FEVER

FEVER PATTERNS:

● _____

○ Temperature fluctuates but does not return to normal

○ Viruses, Legionella, Mycoplasma

REMITTENT FEVER

FEVER PATTERNS:

● _____

○ Temperature remains above normal with minimal variations

○ Any organism

SUSTAINED FEVER

FEVER PATTERNS:

● _____

○ Episodic fever lasting 1-3 days with 1 or more day of normal temperature between episodes

○ Tuberculosis

RECURRENT FEVER

What is this

● Mainstay of curtailing if not eliminating an infectious diseases

● Decreases host’s susceptibility to infection

● Controls disease like diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, mumps, rubella, poliomyelitis, hepatitis A and B, pneumococcal pneumonia, some strains of influenza

● Vaccines contain either live but attenuated (altered) microbes or killed microbes

● Actively induce immunity to diseases by stimulating white cells to produce antibodies

IMMUNIZATIONS

Under immunization what is being defined

○ Process of inducing or providing immunity whether active or passive

IMMUNIZATION

Under immunization what is being defined

○ Denotes only the administration of vaccine or a toxoid

● VACCINATION

Under immunization what is being defined

○ Induction of an immune defense by administration of an antigen in appropriate forms

ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION:

Under immunization what is being defined

○ Provision of temporary protection by administration of an exogenously produced immune substance

PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION:

Under immunization, what is being defined?

● Use of live attenuated, infectious agents (E.g. Measles, Varicella)

● Use of inactivated agents, detoxified extracts or toxins from these agents or specific antigen obtained by genetic recombination

ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION:

Under immunization, what is being defined?

● Provides temporary immunity in an unimmunized subject exposed to an infectious disease when active immunization is unavailable

● Certain disorders, bites

PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION:

Under immunization, what are the routes of administration

● Intradermal

● Intramuscular

● Subcutaneous

● Oral

● Intranasal