EXSC 221 FINAL

Stress that is exhilarating and personally fulfilling is called...

eustress

The fight-or-flight response is the term given to the response of the division of the autonomic nervous system called the...

sympathetic nervous system

Cortisol, the main glucocorticoid in the body, is known as the

stress hormone

The allostatic load is a fairly recent discovery that describes how chronic stress...

can damage the individual

A depressed mood, sickness, and stress all share the same...

neural loop

The daily amount of caffeine that poses health problems is...

600 mg

The 5/4 definition applies to...

binge drinking

A baby may be born with heart defects, microcephaly, mental retardation, vision problems, or hearing problems because if the mother... while pregnant.

drank alcohol

While only 2-5 percent of the general adult population has this problem, it is estimated that 9 percent of college students have some sort of...

gambling-related addiction

The Alcoholics Anonymous twelve-step program maintains that...

recognizing a greater power that can give strength is a first step toward recovery

In women, 80 percent of HIV cases are due to...

high-risk heterosexual contact

Elective abortion is done for which of the following reasons?

none of these

Medical abortion is accomplished...

with drugs

Which of the following might be defined as sexual harassment?

all of these

Of girls or women who are victims of sexual assault, 50 percent are ages...

12-24

Positive psychology focuses on...

mental wellness

Optimism is linked to good health in which way?

It helps strengthen the immune system

What is most likely true if a person blames himself or herself for not being able to respond successfully?

He or she is prone to helplessness and poor self-esteem.

Depression may be a result of...

learned helplessness

People who develop many facets of their personalities...

exhibit self-complexity

In many cases, there are no cures for chronic illness unless...

lifestyle changes are made.

A chronic disease is defined as...

that which develops over time and lasts a long time.

Mental health is a state of well-being that includes the...

all of these

The leading preventable cause of death and disease in the United States is...

tobacco use

Risk factors are those behaviors that lead to...

chronic disease

Physical activity is cathartic. This means that physical activity...

is therapeutic

The most popular recreational activity is...

bowling

Inactive leisure time is a...

precious time to be used wisely

Interval training is good for...

fat burning

A MET is a measure of...

the metabolic cost of an activity

Genes must be acted upon or they cannot act. This calls into question the concept of...

genetic determinism

When you blame someone or something, you are assuming that you have no...

choice to act

Comparing epigenetics to a computer, ...

the DNA is hardware and the epigenome is the software

Lifestyle medicine is most effective for treating...

chronic diseases

Antibiotic resistance has resulted from...

the misuse and overuse of antibiotics

health-related problems due to stress

hypertension, depression, immune deficiency, autoimmune disease

how many employees reported that workers have more on-the-job stress than workers did a generation ago

3/4

¾ many employees report they are stressed due to their work?

30 percent

how many employees say they are "burned out" by their work?

26 percent

neural loop functioning

macrophages stimulate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. neurotransmitters on the vagus nerve have receptors for these cytokines. they activate the vagus nerve to make its own interleukin-1, which sends signals to the immune system and sets off the "sickness response"

glucocorticoids

involved in glucose metabolism and manufactured in adrenal glands

epinephrine

increases blood pressure, heart rate, and energy supplies

norepinephrine

readies the body for emergencies

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

produced in brain and stimulates the pituitary gland to release corticotropin, which causes release of cortisol by the adrenal glands

cortisol

enhances brain's use of glucose and inhibits functions such as digestion, immune functioning, and other systems not involved in fight-or-flight response

eustress

"good" healthy stress; a positive challenge that is often fulfilling

distress

"bad" stress that has negative effects on the whole person.

logotherapy

helps a person discover his or her meaning or purpose in life

addiction

that which you know is harmful to you, but that you feel compelled to continue and the need to lie about your behavior

what can addiction be classified as?

reliance on substances, eating, exercise, relationships, sexual relations, everyday activities, gambling, viewing pornography

does addiction decrease brain density?

yes

what is the connection between brain plasticity and teenagers when speaking about addiction?

they're especially vulnerable to brain damage caused by various addictions and addictive substances

dopamine

hormone and a neurotransmitter; functions in the brain include motivation and reward, mood, learning, and motor activity

how do addictions affect dopamine levels?

addictive behaviors elicit an extraordinary response which leads to the breakdown of normal brain functioning

tolerance

adaptation of brain to need more of a substance to bring up dopamine levels which creates a tolerance for the drug or stimulus, thus requiring more of it to create the hoped for response

how to treat a bacterial STD?

can be treated and cured with antibiotics

how to treat a protozoan STIs?

treated with antibiotics

how to treat viral STIs?

cannot be cured with antibiotics

what is another term for STD?

STI

how is HPV transferred to people?

spread through genital or oral contact

what STI is the most common in the U.S.?

HPV

what is pelvic inflammatory disease?

a consequence of several STIs. a bacterial infection that spreads from the cervix to other reproductive organs

effects of pelvic inflammatory disease

can cause permanent damage and infertility

can viral sexually transmitted diseases be treated?

they cannot be cured but the symptoms can be treated

embodied cognition

what is green exercise?

any physical activity that takes place in nature

what kind of energy can be created from kinetic energy?

renewable energy

why is conflict resolution helpful?

relationship may be strengthened by the efforts you put forth to resolve your differences

how do you practice conflict resolution?

put your relationship/respect for each other first, establish facts surrounding conflict, try to understand the cause, listen to the other person before defending yourself.

what is passive communication?

failure to express your honest feelings

what is assertive communication?

behaving confidently based on respect for yourself and for others

what is aggressive communication?

more like bullying behavior

what is the definition of integrity?

authentic, without pretense, sincere, taking responsibility for your feelings and actions

what are the effects of long-term relationships?

fewer doctor's visits, shorter hospital stays, less depression and substance abuse, lower blood pressure, less anxiety, natural pain control, fewer colds, faster healing, longer life, happier life

what is the biggest factor for reversing chronic disease?

changing your lifestyle

heart disease and the role of tobacco

risk for heart disease increases with tobacco use

what percent of annual medical care costs are due to chronic diseases?

75 percent

how much was estimated to be spent on heart disease and stroke in 2012?

448 billion dollars

what was the cost associated with smoking?

193 billion dollars

what is the total cost obesity?

270 billion dollars

what were the indirect and direct costs associated with diabetes?

175 billion dollars

what are the annual costs associated with cancer?

89 billion dollars

what are the costs related to arthritis?

128 billion dollars

what are the effects of lack of sleep?

cravings for sugary foods, weight gain, depression, anxiety, reduced cognitive functioning, impaired memory, physical and mental chronic illnesses,

what is arteriosclerosis?

hardening of the arteries in which the arteries become thickened and lose elasticity

who gets lung cancer?

both men and women

who gets colorectal cancer?

both men and women

at what point in their lives do people get colorectal cancer?

after age 50

who gets breast cancer?

usually women, but possible in men

who gets prostate cancer?

men

at what point in their lives do men get prostate cancer?

after age 50

who gets testicular cancer?

men

at what point in their lives do men get testicular cancer?

usually in their 20s and 30s

who gets skin cancer?

both men and women

what does a MET represent?

the body's resting metabolic rate

what is level 1 on the physical activity pyramid?

activities that have health/wellness benefits for the greatest number

what is level 2 on the physical activity pyramid?

active aerobic activities and sports

what is level 3 on the physical activity pyramid?

exercise for flexibility, strength, and muscular endurance

what is level 4 on the physical activity pyramid?

time needed to rest and recover each day

what is periodicity?

interval, or intermittent, type of exercise