ORAL REVALIDA (QUIZ) 3RD YEAR

Ectopic Pregnancy

Pregnancy occurs outside the uterus, causing vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. The patient may feel weak and dizzy.

Hydatidiform Mole (H-Mole)

Formation of moles inside the uterus, leading to increased hCG levels, vaginal bleeding, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.

Incompetent Cervix

cervical insufficiency,  weak cervical tissue causes or contributes to premature birth, ervix gradually softens, decreases in length (effaces) and opens (dilates) 

Placenta Previa

The placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, causing vaginal bleeding and mild contractions.

Abruptio Placenta

placenta partly or completely separates from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery, vaginal bleeding, abdominal and back pain, uterine tenderness, and contractions

Premature Labor

 increasing uterine contraction with regular intervals that radiates at her back, vaginal bleeding (less than 37 wks)

Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM)

suddenly felt a gush of water, bag of water was already broken

Abortion

pregnancy or products of conception or the fetus and the placenta is removed voluntarily or involuntarily due to personal or medical reasons and conditions

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

severe nausea and vomiting, always feeling tired, peeing less than normal, and feeling dizzy and lightheaded every time, dehydration

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

OGTT or the oral glucose tolerance test, thirsty and tired, urinates more frequently than before

Dystocia

difficult or obstructed labor, abnormal or slow dilatation of the cervix or descent of the fetus during active labor

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH)

severe headache, edema, proteimuria,  BP 150/90mmHg, PR 98bpm, RR 20cpm and body temp. of 36.5. pre-existing hypertension, kidney problem and Diabetes

Pre-eclampsia

dizzy and lightheaded, blood pressure was 140/90mmHg, proteinuria

Eclampsia

seizure, proteinuria

Folic Acid Deficiency (pedia and adult)

nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, energy plummeted, pale, RBC breaking down faster than usual 

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) (pedia and adult)

SOB, pearl-white sclera, pale skin and brittle flattened nails, hemoglobin level was 10g/dL.

Uterine Rupture

 severe abdominal pain with contractions with vaginal bleeding, fetus was distressed, and the uterus was torn or had a break open

Amniotic Fluid Embolism

 SOB,  sudden drop in blood pressure, pulmonary edema, bleeding, fetal distress, agitation, confusion, and chills, (rare and life-threatening complication of pregnancy that may occur during delivery or shortly after giving birth)

Rubella (German Measles)

caused by the virus RuV, low grade fever, rash that starts from the face down to the legs, cough and sore throat, headache, pink eyes, and coryza associated with body malaise

Genital Herpes

spread by skin-to-skin contact during intercourse,  pain or itching around the genitals, small bumps or blisters on the affected area, discharge from the vagina, swollen lymph nodes and fever

Candidiasis (Vaginalis Moniliasis)

 cheesy, white patches, itching on her private area

Trichomonas vaginalis

greenish with foul smell vaginal discharge, redness, itching, and burning on her genital area,  feels pain when peeing and during intercourse

Syphilis

wart-like sores in her private area, fever, fatigue, weight loss, hair loss and swollen lymph nodes, serious health problems including blindness, damage to the brain, heart and eyes

Gonorrhea

abnormal vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pain for the past five days,  burning sensation during urination, pain during intercourse

Chlamydia

“silent infection”, pain, burning sensation while urinating and abnormal discharge from the genitals

HIV/AIDS

 severe fatigue, persistent diarrhea, and a dry cough, unintentional weight loss, recurring fevers, night sweats, difficulty swallowing, and white spots in his mouth, swollen lymph glands in the neck and groin, and white spots and unusual blemishes on the tongue and throat.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

machinery-like murmur was heard best at the left upper sternal border, increased pulmonary blood flow and bounding pulses in the extremities, tachypnea, occasional episodes of cyanosis, especially when crying.

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

low-pitched diastolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border, late systolic murmur heard at the apex of the heart, opening between the left and right atria

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

a loud, harsh systolic murmur heard best at the lower left sternal border, prominent anterior chest, sweating excessively, grunting respirations and nasal flaring

Atrioventricular Canal Defect (ACD)

incomplete fusion of the endocardial cushions, systolic regurgitant murmur may be audible at the left lower sternal border due to mitral regurgitation, low atrial septal defect (ASD) connected to a high ventricular septal defect (VSD), along with clefts in both the mitral and tricuspid valves, resulting in a common atrioventricular (AV) valve. 

Coarctation of the Aorta

upper extremities appear pink while the lower extremities seem cyanotic,  diminished femoral pulses, continuous midsystolic murmur heard best at the left upper sternal border

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

 bluish tint to his skin, particularly around the lips and nail beds (Tet Spells), harsh systolic murmur over the upper left sternal border, tachy, 02 sat is lower

Acute Rheumatic Fever (pedia and adult)

 fever, red, flushed, swollen and painful joints, chest pain, with heart murmur and small painless bumps on her skin

Aortic Stenosis

 tachypnea and increased work of breathing, rough, systolic murmur heard loudest at the 2nd intercostal space along the right sternal border, systolic thrill, carotid pulse is diminished

Pulmonic Stenosis

 rapid breathing, tire easily and sweats profusely, harsh systolic murmur was heard best at the upper left sternal border, right ventricular hypertrophy

Diverticulitis

fever, abdominal tenderness, constipation, nausea and vomiting, CBC notes increase WBC and increase liver enzyme, inflammation and presence of pouches on his colon

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

 heartburn(worsens after meals and at night), frequent acid regurgitation, sour taste in the mouth, a chronic cough, and mild dysphagia

Ulcerative Colitis

 inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract, diarrhea with blood, abdominal pain and cramping, weight loss and fatigue

Appendicitis

 rebound tenderness test, severe abdominal pain worse upon moving, fever associated with nausea and vomiting

Pyloric Stenosis

 projectile vomiting, dehydrated and lethargic, a firm, olive-shaped mass in the upper abdomen

Intussusception

 currant jelly" like stools, sausage-shaped mass

Hirschsprung’s Disease

infrequent bowel movements and passing ribbon-like stools,  firm, palpable mass in the lower abdomen, 

Hiatal Hernia

 heartburn (worsens after meals and when lying down), frequent nighttime acid regurgitation and a feeling of fullness after small meals, a sour taste in the mouth, a chronic cough, and mild dysphagia

Inguinal Hernia

 "silk glove" sensation, a bulge in the groin

Cystic Fibrosis

salty-tasting skin, persistent cough with phlegm, lung infection and weight loss, inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lung, digestive system and other organs in the body

Celiac Disease

diarrhea, which is often bulky, pale, and foul-smelling, suggestive of steatorrhea, distended abdomen, pale, greasy, and float in the toilet bowl

Hepatitis A

 fever, coryza, weight loss, yellow skin and eyes, abdominal pain

Acute Glomerulonephritis

cola-colored urine, decreased urine output, signs of edema in the baby's face, fatigue, irritability, and poor appetite

Urinary Tract Infection

frequent urges to urinate, enuresis, discomfort when genitals are touched, cloudy and foul-smelling

Nephrotic Syndrome

 Frothy urine, swelling in the face, generalized edema, increased UO, proteinuria

Acute Renal Failure

onset of fever, chills, and diarrhea, decreased urine output, irritable and lethargic, with episodes of confusion and agitation, febrile, restless, oliguria

Status Asthmaticus

severe shortness of breath, distress, speaking in short sentences, and has audible wheezing, using accessory muscles to breathe, and his oxygen saturation is 88% on room air

Bronchial Asthma (pedia and adult)

narrowing of path of lungs, air path produces excess mucus making it hard to breathe, air path produces excess mucus making it hard to breathe, coughing, short breath, and wheezing

Epiglottitis

drooling excessively, high fever, severe sore throat, and difficulty swallowing, labored breathing, sitting upright, leaning forward with his neck extended 

Spina Bifida

sac-like protrusion over the lumbosacral region, covered by a thin, fluid-filled membrane, bilateral lower limb weakness, diminished reflexes in the legs, reduced sensation below the waist

Hydrocephalus

 head seems unusually large for his age, fontanelles (soft spots on the head) appear tense and bulging, noticeable downward deviation of the eyes (sunsetting)

Bacterial Meningitis

severe headache, high fever, neck stiffness, and sensitivity to light, positive Brudzinski's sign, cloudy cerebrospinal fluid

Cerebral Palsy

 delayed motor milestones,  difficulty sitting without support, legs appear stiff, movements are awkward and uncoordinated

Pneumonia

high fever (40°C) and a productive cough, dyspneic and reported pleuritic chest pain, particularly during coughing, crackles, resence of lung consolidation.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

 persistent cough lasting more than two weeks, night sweats, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), and low-grade fever, often occurring in the evening, significant weight loss

Chronic Bronchitis

cyanosis, tachypnea (RR 30/min), and wheezing, particularly with exertion, cough was productive with thick, gelatinous sputum

Emphysema

SOB, use of accessory muscles for breathing, pursed-lip breathing, and an increased anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter, Thin Appearance speaking in short, jerky sentences. ABG Results: PaO2 of 70 mmHg, pH of 7.2, CO2 of 30mmHg.

Bronchiectasis

Respiratory disorder characterized by chronic cough with copious purulent sputum, hemoptysis, and clubbing of fingers.

angina pectoris

Cardiovascular disorder characterized by acute chest pain that radiates to the left arm, neck, and jaw.

Myocardial Infarction

 severe, crushing chest pain that began 2 hours ago and radiates to his left arm and jaw, pain as a 10/10 in severity and is accompanied by shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea, ST segment elevation

Left Sided Heart Failure

 progressive shortness of breath, especially with exertion, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, persistent cough with pink, frothy sputum. Peripheral and central cyanosis

Right Sided Heart Failure

increasing fatigue, swelling in his ankles and legs (edema), jugular vein distention and a persistent cough, decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping due to shortness of breath

Infective Endocarditis

 fever, chills, night sweats, and a new heart murmur, fatigue, anorexia, and unexplained weight loss, Small, pinpoint red spots on the skin, found (palms and soles), linear, splinter-shaped hemorrhages under the fingernail

Myocarditis

 fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations, tachycardic, soft systolic murmur at the cardiac apex, WBC- 13,000 microliters and elevated C-reactive protein levels.

Pericarditis

 pericardial friction rub, severe chest pain, worsened by deep breaths, fever, malaise, and a dry cough

Buerger’s Disease/Thromboangiitis Obliterans

intermittent claudication in both legs, cold sensitivity, numbness, and tingling in his fingers and toes, diminished pulses in the lower extremities and skin color changes (pallor, cyanosis, rubor)

Aplastic Anemia

fatigue, shortness of breath, frequent infections, and easy bruising, pallor, petechiae, and ecchymosis

Sickle Cell Anemia

severe pain in their abdomen, back, and joints, fatigue, shortness of breath, and frequent infections, pallor, jaundice, and splenomegaly

Hemophilia

prolonged bleeding, joint pain and swelling, hemarthrosis (bleeding into joints) and ecchymosis (bruising), prolonged aPTT

Pancreatic Cancer

persistent, dull abdominal pain radiating to the back, unintentional weight loss, fatigue, anorexia, dark urine, and clay-colored stools, palpable mass in the epigastric region and jaundice

Hepatocellular Cancer (Liver Cancer)

persistent abdominal pain, fatigue, jaundice, weight loss, loss of appetite, and nausea, palpable mass in the abdomen, hepatomegaly, and ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen)

Gallbladder Cancer

Persistent RUQ pain, jaundice, weight loss, N/V, loss of appetite, palpable mass in RUQ

Colorectal Cancer

 change in bowel habits, including alternating constipation and diarrhea, rectal bleeding, fatigue, and unintentional weight loss

Skin Cancer

 irregularly shaped mole,  rapidly growing and has a variegated color, including brown, black, and red

Multiple Sclerosis

intermittent episodes of numbness in her legs, blurred vision, and fatigue, occasional balance problems and difficulty with bladder control

Rheumatoid Arthritis

 pain in the joints of her hands, accompanied by stiffness each morning, fatigued, occasional low-grade fevers

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

persistent rash across her cheeks and nose lasting for three weeks, fatigue, joint pain, and intermittent fever, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.

Achalasia

nocturnal cough and occasional aspiration, regurgitation of undigested food, chest pain after meals, and unintentional weight loss of 8 kg over the past 6 months. Symptoms worsen when eating 

Peptic Ulcer Disease

recurrent epigastric pain, usually occurring 2-3 hours post-meal, which eases with food or antacids, instances of nausea, early fullness, and melena

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

 crampy lower abdominal pain often relieved by defecation, alternating episodes of constipation and diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, and a sensation of incomplete evacuation

Chron's Disease

crampy abdominal pain (RLQ), diarrhea that occasionally contains mucus and blood, fatigue, unintentional weight loss, perianal pain and discharge

SIADH

progressive confusion, headache, and generalized weakness, mild nausea and a decreased appetite, decreased sodium level (115 mEq/L) and a urine osmolality of 250 mOsm/kg.

Addison's disease

progressive fatigue, weight loss, nausea, salt cravings, dizziness, and diffuse hyperpigmentation

Hyperthyroidism

unintentional weight loss, palpitations, heat intolerance, and excessive sweating, anxiety, warm, moist skin, fine hand tremors, a non-tender diffuse goiter, exophthalmos, and an irregular heartbeat suggestive of atrial fibrillation.

Hypothyroidism

 dry, coarse skin, bradycardia, facial puffiness, a hoarse voice, and non-pitting periorbital edema

Diabetes Mellitus

 excessive urination, excessive thirst, and hunger, dehydration, including dry mucous membranes and poor skin turgor

Myasthenia Gravis

 drooping eyelids, double vision, and fatigable weakness of facial and limb muscles, double vision, and problems with chewing and swallowing during meals

Hemorrhagic Stroke

"the worst headache of her life," followed by nausea, vomiting, and brief loss of consciousness, drowsy, with left-sided hemiparesis and a positive Babinski sign.

Ischemic Stroke

right-sided facial droop, arm weakness, and slurred speech, expressive aphasia, right-sided hemiparesis, and facial asymmetry

Spinal Cord Injury

sudden onset of weakness, numbness in both legs, complete loss of motor function and sensation below the level of the umbilicus, absent deep tendon reflexes in the lower limbs, and urinary retention

Angina Pectoris

 acute chest pain, crushing sensation in her chest that radiated to her left arm, neck, and jaw

Psychotic Disorder

Psychological condition characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, and behavior.

. Congenital Hip Dysplasia

 imbalance in the folds of the baby's thighs, Ortolani maneuver, the pediatrician detects a palpable "clunk" as the hip is gently abducted, Barlow maneuver, there is a sensation of the femoral head slipping out of the acetabulum as the hip is adducted. 

.Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Developmental condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

. Gout

 severe pain, redness, and swelling in his right big toe, pain as "excruciating