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Basin
Lowland area
Rainforest
A dense strand of trees and other plants that receive high amounts of precipitation
Canopy
An umbrella like covering of leaves
Escarpment
Series of steep cliffs that drop down to the Atlantic coastal plain
Pampas
Grassy, treeless plains with fertile soil
Deforestation
The clearing of forests or trees
Indigenous
Native people
Slash and burn agriculture
Cutting down trees and burning underbrush to create field for growing crops
Coalition governments
Where several political parties cooperate to do the work of government
Hinterland
Remote inland region, far from the coast
Metropolitan area
City and built up area around it
Central city
Largest or most important city in metropolitan area
Favelas
Makeshift communities on the edges of cities
How does the Amazon river Rank globally?
Western hemispheres longest river and the world’s second longest
Where is the Amazon River and Rainforest located?
Amazon Basin
How are the Brazilian Highlands dived and what is located on each side?
Dived into west and east- West is largely grassland with small trees and shrubs and ranching and farming. East has low mountains and escarpments
Where is the Tropical Rain Forest climate located and what does this area experience?
Along the equator, it experiences monsoons
Where is the Tropical Wet/Dry climate located and how many seasons are in this area?
Along the outer edges of the tropical rainforest climate, two
Which resources have been important to Brazil for centuries?
Agriculture, mining, and forestry
What is produced in the rainforest?
Mahogany, hardwoods, natural rubber, nuts, and medicinal plants
What is Brazil the largest producer of on its farmland?
Coffee, sugarcane, and tropical fruits
What has replace coffee as Brazil’s main export?
Soybeans
What was the Pope’s solution to splitting the land in the New World between Spain and Portugal?
It was decided that a line would be drawn with Spain taking lands to the west and Portugal taking lands to the east
What did the Tupi, Arawak, and Carib all have in common?
The groups lived in permanent, self governing villages, and practiced slash and burn agriculture
How did the Nambicuara differ from the other indigenous groups?
They were nomads and hunter gathers, only using villages in the wet season
Where does Brazil’s name come from?
Brazil wood
What led to King John III colonizing Brazil?
Other European counties became interested in Brazil and he wanted to tighten control over Brazil
How long did Portugal rule Brazil?
More than 300 years
Who were the first laborers for the colonists?
Enslaved native people
Which people were protected from slavery?
Native people that were converted to Christianity by Jesuit priests
What led to the development of Brazil’s interior?
Sugar, coffee, and cotton plantations and the discovery of gold
What events led to Brazil becoming a kingdom?
Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden went to war with Napoleon. Napoleon won, and eventually invaded Portugal. The Royal family of Portugal fled to Brazil among Brazil a kingdom equal with Portugal
What events led to Brazil becoming independent?
The royal family returned to Portugal, leaving their son to rule. When they tried to return it to being a colony, Pedro refused to give up the thrown and declared Brazil independent as a constitutional Monarchy
What does it mean for voting to be compulsory in Brazil?
Citizens are required by law to vote
What percentage of Brazilians are from mixed ancestry?
40%
What is the largest multiethnic group in Brazil? What is the smallest?
Persons from European and African ancestry, persons from African and Native American ancestry
How many Brazilians are Roman Catholic?
2/3
What industries have produced the greatest amount of wealth for Brazil?
Mining, manufacturing, and agriculture
What percentage of Brazilians have received four years or less schooling?
60%
What are the main caused for the shrinking rainforest?
Jobs (mining, logging, farming) and the building of highways and roads
Llanos
Grassy plains
A system which allowed Spanish colonist to demand labor from Native peoples that lived in certain areas
Encomienda
Haciendas
Large estates
Creole
Languages that enslaved people developed on colonial plantations
What is the World’s highest waterfall found in the Tropical NOrth and what river’s tributary creates it?
Angel falls, The Orinoco River
Why are rivers important to this region?
They are important routes to the agricultural and industrial interior of the country
What areas of the Tropical North have some type of tropical climate?
Coasts, lowlands, plains, and highlands
What are the three main mountain climates and the location related to elevation?
Paramo (highest) Fria (above Templada) Templada (lowest)
What has made it difficult for the Tropical north to use its natural resources?
Lack of roads and physical geography
Where did the Spanish first land in the region and what group did they conquer?
Venezuela and Colombia, the Inca.
What areas of the region were colonized by the French, British, and Dutch?
French (French Guiana) British (Guyana) Dutch (Suriname)
How did many of the Spanish colonies gain independence?
Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Spain. Spain could not fight in Europe and maintains its colonies so many Spanish colonies in the region rose up against Spanish rule.
What country is French Guiana part of?
France
Recently many governments of the region have had unrest and conflict. Where has Colombia and Guyana seen most of this unrest and conflict?
Colombia has had violence between political groups and small rebel groups have tried to overthrow the government. Guyana has had border disputes with Venezuela and Suriname and social/political unrest with it. African and South Asian populations competing for power.
What is Ecuador’s population of Native American and mestizos?
90%
Describe the population of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana
sparsely populated
Describe the langue’s of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
Languages reflect their colonial heritage and ethnic populations
What group has Colombia had ongoing issues with?
The government and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
Flashcard (21)