Henry VIII's Foreign Policy (1509-1540)

These flashcards cover significant aspects of Henry VIII's foreign policy from 1509 to 1540, detailing alliances, treaties, battles, and shifts in power.

What motivated Henry VIII's early foreign policy from 1509-14?

His enthusiasm to win military glory and make England a major player in international affairs.

Which three entities formed the alliance known as the Holy League in 1510?

Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, and the papacy.

What significant treaty was signed in 1517 that left England isolated?

The Treaty of Cambrai.

What was the purpose of the Treaty of London signed in 1518?

It was a non-aggression pact signed by England, France, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, and smaller states.

Which major event occurred during Henry's military campaign in 1512-13?

The Battle of Flodden, where James IV of Scotland was defeated and killed.

What were the results of the 1512/13 military campaigns?

A huge drain on English finance, trouble in Yorkshire, and loss of the French pension.

Who won the Battle of Pavia in 1525?

Charles V defeated the French.

What major shift occurred in European power dynamics after 1527?

Charles V became the dominant player in Europe.

Which marriage did Henry VIII seek to annul, complicating his foreign policy?

His marriage to Catherine, the niece of Charles V.

What was the aim of Henry's alliance with France in the Treaty of Amiens in 1532?

To pressure Charles into supporting Henry's marriage annulment.

What happened in 1538 that weakened Henry's position?

Charles and Francis signed the Treaty of Nice and severed connections with England.

Who sent support to rally a Catholic crusade against Henry VIII in 1539?

Pope Paul III sent Cardinal Beaton to Scotland and Cardinal Pole to France.

Who did Henry VIII marry in an attempt to secure an alliance with the Protestant League?

Anne of Cleves.

How did the relationship breakdown between Charles and Francis impact Henry VIII?

It made Henry's position more secure.

What was a significant military achievement of Henry VIII in 1513?

Winning the Battle of the Spurs and capturing Thérouanne and Tournai.