APUSH Period 8 Part 2 IDs

5.0(1)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/67

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

68 Terms

1
New cards

1. Lyndon Johnson’s talents
Born in Texas, LBJ becomes a public school teacher out of college, becomes a well-known political leader, and is praised as an effective senator

* Senate majority leader
* “Master of the Senate”
2
New cards
2. Conservatism
Citizens should be self-efficient and the role of the government should be smaller
3
New cards
3. Barry Goldwater
Candidate in the Republican Party 1964 Election; sets conservative vs. republican debate
4
New cards
4. Modern conservative movement in politics
A movement in politics led by Barry Goldwater with conservative principles
5
New cards
5. Great Society
LBJ’s platform to make a difference and honor JFK by pushing through legislation that JFK would’ve wanted

* Push through new laws to help people who have been ignored by the government
* The New Deal is a big change in government, but this is a bigger platform
* Aided poor people in impoverished areas and provided them with educational opportunities

Created the Department of Transportation (highway oversight and safety regulations) and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (fair housing practices)
6
New cards
6. 1964 Economic Opportunity Act
Created Head Start, a free nursery school program, to help low income families by giving their kids a head start on their education
7
New cards
7. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibits discrimination based on race and gives the government the right to sue schools for not desegregating
8
New cards
8. War on Poverty
A set of social welfare programs and policies introduced by LBJ

* Reducing poverty and improving the economic opportunities of low-income Americans
9
New cards

9. VISTA: Volunteers in Service to America
Money to volunteers who worked in deprived domestic communities
10
New cards
10. Conservatives v. Liberals in 1960s
* Liberals: problems of poverty warranted federal government intervention
* Conservatives: citizens need to take responsibility for the welfare of the people
11
New cards
11. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Protects voting rights for everyone based on pace and prohibits literacy tests
12
New cards
12. Immigration Act of 1965
Abolishes the quota system and makes it easier for refugees to come to America
13
New cards
13. Medicare/Medicaid
* Medicare: health insurance for old people
* Medicaid: health insurance for kids living in poverty
14
New cards
14. Brown v. Board of Education
Happening in 1954, it was a collection of 5 lawsuits about racial segregation in schools

* Charles Houston, Thurgood Marshall, and Oliver Hill were big names with the NAACP
* Chief Justice Earl Warren declared separate but equal inherently unequal, striking down Plessy and demanding that all schools be integrated with “all deliberate speed”
15
New cards
15. Massive Resistance
Southern states deciding to ignore the decision of Brown, saying it is a state’s right to control education (federalism)
16
New cards
16. Southern Manifesto
The Supreme Court overreached, so the Southern states condemned this decision and wanted the states to resist
17
New cards
17. Citizen Councils
Used economic oppression to push back on integration of public schools

* Similar to KKK
* If in support of the Brown decision, you could be fired, not hired, denied loans, etc.
18
New cards

18. Prince Edward County, Virginia
Closed public schools for all from 1959-1964 instead of integrating schools

* A private academy opened up, but only rich white people could attend
* Harry Flood Byrd was a powerful VA senator that loves massive resistance
19
New cards
19. Little Rock Nine
Happening in 1957, 9 high schoolers try to integrate schools

* Governor Orval Faubas used the national guard to keep the students out of school
* Eisenhower sends troops to protect the 9
* Faubas closes the schools in 1958
20
New cards
20. self-purification
Accepting hate and not retaliating, putting the movement before your ego
21
New cards
21. Emmitt Till
A 14-year-old boy from Chicago is kidnapped, beaten, shot, and dumbed in a river while visiting family in Mississippi 1955 after a grocery store employee claims the boy whistled at her

* Funeral with an open casket awakens Americans to the true extent of racism in the South
22
New cards
22. Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks and MLK encourage people to stop riding the buses, rather walking, carpooling, and hitching rides so the bus lines were forced to change their policies
23
New cards

23. SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Group and network of black ministers created by MLK
24
New cards
24. Sit-ins
Starts in Greensboro, NC when students sit at lunch counters for white people and order food

* 54 demonstrations across the country
25
New cards

25. SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
College students coordinate lunch counter events

* With “kneal-ins” (church) and “wade-ins” (pool) too
26
New cards
26. Freedom Riders
Testing the desegregated buses to see if the policies are true by riding the buses through deep South depots

* Get attacked and pulled out of buses
27
New cards
27. Birmingham Boycott
Happening in 1963, MLK went after Eugene “Bull” Connor, a white supremacist threatening activists

* Encourages a boycott of businesses
* Encourages a march with students
* Met with police brutality
* MLK arrested, wrote “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”
28
New cards
28. Medgar Evers
A growing activist and close collaborator with MLK who gets assassinated 1963
29
New cards
29. Selma March
MLK led a march for voting from Selma to Montgomery in March of 1965, but when crossing a bridge, they were met with violent outburts from citizens and police

* Bloody Sunday

For the third try, LBJ sneds in troops to help the marchers

* Leads to the Voting Rights Act of 1965
30
New cards
30. Watts Riots
Happening in 1965, these were race riots with looting and violence from both races

* In California, showing the racial tension in the U.S.
31
New cards
31. Kerner Commission
Happening in 1968, this was an investigation into why the riots occured

* Obviously because of systemic racism, lack of educational opportunities, and segregation
32
New cards
32. Black power
The movement that shifts from nonviolence to more radical ideas, coined after Malcomn X
33
New cards
33. Black Nationalism
* Violence is okay if it is for self-defense, actually, it is intelligence
* Pride of racial heritage
* Some think superiority or intentionally staying separate to create a better society
34
New cards
34. Malcolm X
A minister with the Nation of Islam who was an engaging public speaker who said that violence is okay if it is self-defense

* Assassinated in 1965
35
New cards
35. Nation of Islam
Religious organization about Black superiority with Islam, also antisemetic
36
New cards
36. Stokely Carmichael
Advocated for violent retaliation with Malcomn X
37
New cards
37. Huey Newton/Eldridge Cleaver
Led the Black Panther Party
38
New cards
38. Black Panthers
Political organization about racial pride and equity, fighting violence with violence, and free breakfast programs
39
New cards
39. MLK
A minister and activist who advocated for racial equality and nonviolent resistance, leading the Civil Rights Movement until his assassination in 1968
40
New cards
Domino Theory
One communist country, Vietnam, will cause all countries to fall to communism
41
New cards
40. Difference in civil rights from 1950-1964 to 1964-1970
* 1950-1964: Focused on the South and a nonviolent approach
* Seeing the calm activists with angry pushbacks creates support for the activists
* 1964-1970: New voices willing to retaliate
42
New cards
42. Ho Chi Minh
Starts a communist revolution in 1941 in Vietnam

* Wanting government control of industry and agriculture
* Declared Vietnam as an independent communist country, previously French Indo-China

The U.S. sends economic and military help to France

* France surrenders 1954
43
New cards
Geneva Accords
Splits Vietnam at the 17th parallel

* North Vietnam: communist
* South Vietnam: democratic but still oppressive
44
New cards
Advisors
The U.S. sends 16,000 American troops to watch the 17th parallel and North Vietnam
45
New cards
43. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Incident: U.S. naval vessels attacked after spying on North Vietnamese territory

Resolution: gives the president the power to take all necessary measures to fight North Vietnamese attacks
46
New cards
44. Vietcong
“National Liberation Front” or the North Vietnamese communist guerillas
47
New cards
Drop and go
Helicopters fly close to the ground to deploy American troops
48
New cards
Bomb and burn
Goal: to break North Vietnam’s motive for fighting

* Dropping burning chemical (napalm) from helicopters on land for physical destruction
* Agent Orange released to kill plants
49
New cards
Operation Rolling Thunder
Destroy the Ho Chi Minh Trail with bombs as it is a supply line for the Vietcong
50
New cards
45. Tet Offensive
January 31, 1968 was seen as a truce for the New Years Holiday in Vietnam

* Vietcong disregard truce and coordinate series of attacks on more than 100 towns
* General Westmoreland helps push back Vietcong further than offensive
51
New cards
Credibility Gap
Public doesn’t believe or trust the government anymore
52
New cards
46. Anti-War Movement
Civil rights leaders, students, and political liberals who believed that America’s actions in Vietnam were morally wrong
53
New cards
47. Students for a Democratic Society
SDS: voiced objections of the Vietnam War
54
New cards
48. Free Speech Movement
Students at UC Berkley who voiced objections of the Vietnam War
55
New cards
49. Port Huron Statement
Student activist Tom Hayden issued this statement to condemn the war and chastise LBJ administration for pushing young American men to serve against their will
56
New cards
50. Draft Protest
MLK led anti-war protesters in a march from Central Park to the United Nations building in opposition to the Vietnam War
57
New cards
51. Counterculture
Young adults against mainstream culture in the 1960s

* Sex outside marriage, drugs, alternative music, communal living experiments
58
New cards
52. 1968 Democratic National Convention
August 1968 event to determine the democratic nomination for president

* Yippies protest for anti-war sentiment and Mayor Daley increases political presence
59
New cards
53. Eugene McCarthy
A senator from Minnesota, with anti-war sentiment
60
New cards
54. Robert F. Kennedy
JFK’s brother who was an advocate for civil rights and expected to be the next president was assassinated in 1968
61
New cards
55. Hubert Humphrey
LBJ’s VP, believes in the war involvement
62
New cards
56. Richard Nixon
* Runs on the promise of “peace with honor” by slowly removing troops from Vietnam


* Expanded air war
* Bombs Cambodia, which destabilizes country and leads to the rise of Khmer Rouge
63
New cards
57. George Wallace/American Independent Party
Prevents Black students from applying to college; white supremacist
64
New cards
58. Vietnamization
Turn all fighting to South Vietnam army

* Four years of negotiation and ceasefires
65
New cards
Nixon Doctrine
No combat troops but continued financial aid to South Vietnam
66
New cards
59. My Lai Massacre
The U.S. troops burned and murdered families in the Vietcong stronghold village of My Lai in 1968, not publically known until two years later
67
New cards
60. Kent State Massacre
A protest by students on the issue of Cambodia leads to an open fire by the national guard in 1970
68
New cards
61. Pentagon Papers
Papers published by the New York Times in 1971, revealing that the U.S. had secretly enlarged the scope of its actions in the Vietnam War

* Had documents of all U.S. involvement