BIO-291 Lab 2 Bones and Muscles

Process

Process

Projection in a bone

Spinous Process

Projection of the vertebra

Alveolar Process

Thick ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets

Tuberosity

Large, rough projection on a bone which muscle attaches to

Articulation

Where two or more bones come together (joint)

Condyle

A smooth, rounded articular process

Head

Rounded, proximal extension of bone that forms part of a joint

Shaft/Diaphysis

Long cylindrical part of a long bone

Neck

Segment between the head and shaft of a bone

Facet

small, flat articular surface

Fossa

shallow depression in a bone

Sulcus

Groove in a bone

Fontanelle

a soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth

Suture

Non-movable joint located between the bones of the skull

Foramen

Hole through a bone which nerves and blood vessels pass, usually round

Ligament

Connects bone to bone

Tendon

Connects muscle to bone

Aponeurosis

a broad tendinous sheet for muscle attachment

Origin

Site where muscle and bone are attached but do not move

Insertion

Site where bone and muscle are attached and do move

Action

Muscle action refers to movement of the muscle

Agonist/Prime Mover

Muscle or group responsible for the movement.

Antagonist

Muscle that opposes the movement of the agonist

Synergist

Muscle that assists a prime mover

Synovial Joint

A fully moveable joint where the opposing bone surfaces are separated by synovial fluid

Extension

Increases the angle between two body parts, straightening

Flexion

Decreases the angle between two body parts, bending

Hyperextension

extension beyond anatomical position

Abduction

movement away from the midline

Adduction

movement toward the midline

Circumduction

circular movement of a limb at the far end

Lateral Rotation

rotation away from the midline

Medial Rotation

Rotation toward the midline

Elevation

Movement in a superior direction

Depression

Movement in a inferior direction

Supination

movement that turns the palm up

Pronation

movement that turns the palm down

Dorsiflexion

bending of the foot or the toes upward

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward

Eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

Plantar Flexion

bends the foot downward at the ankle