Anatomy and Physiology unit 1,2 + 3

Organization

Parts of the body interact and have specific relationships to each other.

Epithelial Tissue

Covers body surfaces and lines the internal organs.

Intermediate

Between and medial and lateral structure

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Tendon

Attach muscle to bone

Ligament

Attach bone to bone

Cell

Basic living unit of all plants and animals

Ex. molecules combine to form organelles, which are small structures making up the cell.

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable, internal environment

Positive Feedback Loop

The product of a system speeds up the systems operation.

Ex. Hormones in pregnancy that cause contractions.

Tissue

A group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them.

Organ

Composed of two or more tissue types together to perform common functions.

Organ system

Group of organs classified as one unit because of a common function/set of functions.

Negative Feedback loop

Process in which the product of a system shuts down or limits the systems operations.

Mediastinum

Divides thoracic cavity into right and left parts

Mesentery

Two layers of peritoneum fused together

Function- holds organs in place and provide a pathway for nerves and blood vessel to reach organs

Pleura

Surrounds the lungs

• lungs are surrounded by visceral pleura

Pericardium

Cavity surrounds the heart, heart is covered in visceral pericardium

Visceral/parietal

Visceral serous membrane: inner wall in contact with organ

Parietal serous membrane: outer wall of balloon

Superior

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure of body

( cranial or cephalic )

Development

Changes an organism undergoes through time

Nervous tissue

Receives messages from body’s external and internal environments

Reproduction

Formation of new cells or new organisms

Muscle tissue

Control internal and external movement

Smooth -involuntary

Skeletal -voluntary

Cardiac -involuntary

Metabolism

Ability to use energy to perform vital functions such as growth movement and reproduction

Connective tissue

Holds organs in place and binds different parts of the body together

Ligament attach bone → bone

Tendon attach muscle → bone

Responsiveness

Body can readjust to help maintain life

(Homeostasis)

Growth

Adding more bone cells to a bone

• increase in the size of all parts of the organism

Inferior

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or body

Superficial

Toward or at the body surface

Deep

Away from the body surface; move internal

Ventral

Toward the bottom/towards the body

Proximal

Close to the origin of the body

• point of attachment of a limb

Dorsal

Toward the top/toward the back

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Distal

away from the origin of the body

Parasagittal

Divide the body unequally into a right and left side

Midsagittal

divides the body into equal right and left

coronal

divide the body into posterior and anterior

cyto

hemo

hypo

gastro

histo

cell

hemo

hypo

gastro

histo

6 Characteristics of life

Organization metabolism responsiveness growth development reproduction

levels of organization (small to large)

chemical organelle cell tissue organ

Anatomy

investigation of the structure of the body

Physiology

deals with the processes of living things