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Last updated 8:12 AM on 5/3/23
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269 Terms
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deductive reasoning
premise & conclusion
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inductive reasoning
observations
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case study
can dig deep, cannot generalize
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jane goodall
naturalistic observation
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observer bias
expectations/opinions influence perception (expect place is smelly = more likely to notice bad smells)
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positive correlation
matching
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experimenter bias
experimenter affects data/participants/results (students told rats are “bright” report bright mice)
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positive correlation
matching
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negative correlation
inverse
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single blind
one person doesn’t know
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double blind
participant and observer don’t know what’s being given (better)
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cross sectional research
multiple levels of research (age race etc)
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longitudinal
long term unknown
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operational definition
identifiable measurable behavior
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reliability
consistency
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validity
accuracy
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IRB (institutional review board)
can lie to participants, cannot be harmful
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for something to be valid, it must be ___
reliable
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random sample
eliminates bias
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hypothesis
if/then statement
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attrition rate
dropout rate
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statistical analysis
chance of something happening
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goal of research
replication (repeatable)
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probability
statistical analysis
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circadian rythm
biological sleep rythm
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worst kind of work for sleep?
rotating shift work
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why do we sleep?
restore energy
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stage 1 sleep
alpha
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stage 2 sleep
theta sleep
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stage 3 and 4 sleep
delta
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stage 5 sleep
rem
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alpha frequency & amplitude
low freq high amp
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theta frequency and amplitude
low freq low amp
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delta frequency
low freq
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REM sleep
paralysis of voluntary muscles
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catatonia
paralysis of voluntary muscles, statue-like
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tolerance
need more for same effect
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addicition
tolerance + withdrawal
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classes of drugs
psychedelics, stimulants, depressants, opioids
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psychedelics example
LSD
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stimulants example
caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines
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depressants example
alcohol, barbituates, benzodiazepines
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opioids example
heroin, morphine, codeine
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physiological dependence
body
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psychological dependence
emotional
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most addictive drug
nicotine- aligns w/ ACH receptors on the body
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genotype
genetics
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phenotype
physical
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heterozygous
not match
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homozygous
match
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glial cell
glue, get rid of waste
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resting potential value
\-70
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threshold of excitation value
\-55
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peak action potential value
\+30
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repolarization value
just above 0
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hyperpolarization value
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neuron parts
dendrite → cell membrane → cell body (soma) → axon → myelin sheath → terminal buttons → next dendrite
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neurotransmitters
chemical messengers
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neurotransmitters examples
\-acetylcholine: muscle action & memory
\-beta endorphin: pain & pleasure
\-dopamine: reward
\-norepinephrine: adrenaline
\-serotonin: mood & sleep
\-beta endorphin: pain & pleasure
\-dopamine: reward
\-norepinephrine: adrenaline
\-serotonin: mood & sleep
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agonist
strengthens/mimics
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antagonist
blocks
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CNS
brain & spine
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PNS
everywhere that feels touch
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somatic nervous system
body nervous system
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sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight
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parasympathetic nervous system
return to homeostasis
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label
teal = frontal
purple = parietal
yellow = temporal
green = occipital
red = cerebellum
purple = parietal
yellow = temporal
green = occipital
red = cerebellum
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frontal lobe
executive planning
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parietal lobe
pain, pressure, temperature
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temporal lobe
hearing
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occipital lobe
vision
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corpus callosum
connects 2 halves of the brain
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broca’s area
broken speech, frontal lobe
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wernicke’s area
word salad
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thalamus
train station except smell
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substantia nigra
dopamine
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amygdala
emotion, FEAR
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hippocampus
learning & memory
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ventral tegmental area
addiction
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hypothalamus
homeostasis
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medulla
autos
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pons
brain activity during sleep
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pituitary gland
master gland
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adrenal gland
hormones in stress response
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cerebellum
balance
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reflexes
natural
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instinct
learned (higher lvl processing)
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learning
permanent change in behavior/knowledge that results from experience
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pavlov
pairing, classical conditioning
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higher level conditioning must & only ___ levels
2
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stimulus discrimination
will not produce response to other stimuli
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habituation
habit forming, not responding to stimulus
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watson
white rabbit, little albert, behavioralism
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stimulus generalization
association
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BF skinner
operant conditioning, skinnerbox, lever pressing rats, reward or punishment
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negative reinforcement
relief
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positive reinforcement
praise/payment
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positive punishment
pain
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negative punishment
time out
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shaping
behaviors broken down into small simple steps
Note 
Flashcards (46)