Broad Overview of full Taxonomy fish list

Order: Mixiniformes what fish?

Hagfish

Order: Mixiniformes what characteristics?

Have skull

Lack jaws

Lack true vertebrae

Order: what fish?

Lamprey

Order: what characteristics?

Have skull

Lack jaws

Have true vertebrae

Gnathostomes: Jawed vertebrates what classes?

Chondrichthyes

Osteichthyes

Sarcopterygii

Actinopterygii

Class: Chondrichthyes have what characteristics?

Cartilaginous skeleton

Lack swim bladders

What is the defining characteristic of osteichthyes?

Fish in this category have a bony skeleton (rest of fishes after chondricthyes)

Osteichthyes include what classes?

Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes w/ flexible joints)

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Chondricthes include what sublasses?

Holocephali: Chimeras

Elasmobranchii: Galea (Sharks) and Squalea (Rays)

Elasmobranchii, Galea characteristics

Gill slits

lack swim bladders (have fatty liver instead)

stiff fins

Swim mostly with caudal fin

Elasmobranchii, Squalea characteristics

Flexible pectoral fins attached to head

Lack of nictitating membranes (eye covers)

Class: Sarcopterygii characteristics

lobed fins

Class Actinopterygii characteristics

Ray-finned fishes; bony skeleton, usually a terminal mouth, usually a homocercal tail, swim bladder and operculum present

Class Actinopterygii subclasses

Cladistia (Bichirs)

Chondrostei (Sturgeons, paddlefish)

Neopterygii (Modern Fishes)

Subclass: Cladistia characteristics

Bichirs

Anguilliform body

Body heavily armored

mouth resembles tetrapods

Breathing spiracles

Dorsal finlets

Subclass: Cladistia family name and fish?

Polypteriformes

Bichirs-African species

Subclass: Chondrostei characteristics

sturgeons and paddlefishes

Re-evolved a cartilaginous skeleton

lack scales

Has bony scutes/plates

Subclass Chondrostei family and fish name?

Ascipensiformes

Sturgeons and paddlefish

Subclass Neopterygii characteristics

Heavily armored with scales and plates

Have a bony skeleton

Symmetrical caudal fin

Large, slow-moving ambush predators

Subclass: Neopterygii families and fish names?

Lepisteioformes-Gars

Amiiformes-Bowfins

Subclass: Teleostei Characteristics

light bony scales

completely symmetrical caudal fin

agile, flexible, and mobile

Subclass Teleostei name the 11 superorders

1. Osteoglossomorpha (bony tongue)

2. Elopomorpha (eels)

3. Ostariophysi (catfishes)

4. Clupeomorpha (Shads)

5. Protacanthopterygii (Salmon)

6. Stenopterygii (deep-sea fish)

7. Cyclosquamata (Lizard fish)

8. Scopelomorpha (Lanternfish)

9. Lampriomorpha (Oarfish)

10 Paracanthopterygii (Cod)

11. Acanthopterygii (spiny-rayed fishes)

Osteoglossomorpha: Osteoglossiformes fish example

bonytongues: Arawana

Elopmorpha: Angulliformes and Megaloidae fish examples

Anguilliformes-eels

Megalopidae-Tarpons

Ostariophysi: Cypriniformes and Characiformes fish examples

Cypriniformes-minnows

Characiformes-tetras

Ostariophysi: Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes fish examples

Siluriformes- catfishes

Gymnotiformes-electric eels

Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes fish example

Gonorynchiformes- milkfish

Clupeomorpha: Clupeiformes fish examples

Clupeiformes-Herring, Shad, and sardines

Protacanthopterygii: Esociformes, Salmoniformes, and Osmeriformes fish examples

Esociformes- Pike

Salmoniformes-Salmon and Trout

Osmeriformes-Smelts

Stenopterygii: Stomiiformes fish example

Stomiiformes-Hatchetfish

Cyclosquamata: Aulopiformes fish example

Aulopiformes-Tripod Spiderfish

Scopelomorpha: Myctophiformes

Myctophiformes-Lanternfish

Lampriomorpha: Lampriformes fish example

Lampriformes-Oarfish

Paracanthopterygii: Gadiformes and Batrachoidiformes fish examples

Gadiformes-Cods

Batrachoidiformes-Toadfish

Acanthopterygii 2 groups?

Atherinomorphs

Percomorphs

Acanthopterygii: Atherinomorphs characteristics?

surface dwelling fish

Acanthopterygii: Atherinomorphs fish examples

rainbowfish

Acanthopterygii: Beloniformes characteristics?

adapted for life at or above water's surface

Acanthopterygii: Beloniformes fish example

Flying Fish

Acanthopterygii: Cypinodontiformes characteristic and fish example

Adapted for variable conditions

Live-bearers, mosquitofish

Acanthopterygii: Perciformes characteristics and fish example

adapted for diverse environments

labeled the "garbage can" taxon because they are scavengers

Groupers

Acanthopterygii: Labriformes fish example

Parrotfish

Acanthopterygii: Gobiiformes fish examples

Gobies and muddskippers

Acanthopterygii: Cichliformes fish examples

Cichlids, and angelfish

Acanthopterygii: Blenniformes fish example

Blennies

Acanthopterygii: Pleuronectiformes fish examples

Flatfish and halibuts

Acanthopterygii: Syngnathiformes fish example

Seahorses

Acanthopterygii: Scombriformes fish examples

Mahi-Mahi and tuna

Acanthopterygii: Scorpaeniformes characteristics and fish examples

Benthic foragers, venomous spines

Rockfish and Lionfish

Acanthopterygii: Tetraodontiformes fish examples

Porcupinefish and Mola Mola (sunfish)

Acanthopterygii: Gasterosteiformes fish example

Sticklebacks