Med term Chap 5

cardi/o

heart

angi/o, vas/o

blood vessels

arteri/o

arteries

capill/o

capillaries

phleb/o, ven/o

veins

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

arteries

carry oxygen-rich blood away from heart

aorta

main artery from left ventricle

arterioles

small branches of arteries

capillaries

smallest blood vessels: connect arteries and veins

veins

return blood to heart

venules

small veins that sit between veins and capillary

venae cavae

largest of veins entering heart(there are 2)

superior vena cava

large short vein that carries blood from upper body

inferior vena cava

The bodies largest vein that carries blood from lower body

pericardium

Fibrous sac surrounding heart

epicardium

outer layer of the heart wall

myocardium

thick striated muscle layer forming heart’s middle wall. Responsible for hearts rhythmic contraction

endocardium

inner lining of hearts chamber and valves

atria

The two upper chambers of heart that receives blood from veins and pumps it into the ventricles

ventricles

lower 2 blood pumping chambers(left and right): pumps to lungs and rest of the body

Right: takes oxygen poor blood and sends it to the lungs.

Left: Pumps blood to the rest of the body.

interatrial septum

Thin fibromuscular wall separating heart’s left and right atria

interventricular septum

separates left and right ventricles

cardiac apex

tip of heart

tricuspid valve

Heart valve situated between right atrium and right ventricle

pulmonary semilunar valve

Three-cusped structure between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

mitral valve

One-way valved located in the left side of heart between left atrium and left ventricle

aortic semilunar valve

Three-cusped half-moon-shaped valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta.

systemic circulation

High pressure loop of blood to body (except lungs)

pulmonary circulation

Low pressure circulation of blood to lungs

blood flow path

Blood flows in a continuous unidirectional loop, alternation between the body and lungs via the hearts contraction.

sinoatrial (SA) node

natural pacemaker

atrioventricular (AV) node

A critical component of heart’s electrical system…relays impulse

bundle of His

conducts electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles

pulse

artery expansion from blood flow

blood pressure

force on vessel walls

systolic pressure

Maximum pressure in your arteries when heart contracts and pumps blood (Top number in blood pressure reading)

diastolic pressure

ventricles relax (bottom number in the blood pressure reading)

normal blood pressure

120/80 mm Hg

erythrocytes

red blood cells

hemoglobin

oxygen-carrying protein

leukocytes

white blood cells

thrombocytes

platelets

coronary artery disease

plaque in coronary arteries

atheroma

plaque buildup

ischemia

reduced blood supply to an organ

angina pectoris

chest pain

myocardial infarction

heart attack

congestive heart failure

poor pumping ability

arrhythmia

irregular rhythm

bradycardia

slow heart rate

tachycardia

fast heart rate

flutter

rapid regular contractions

fibrillation

chaotic contractions

atrial fibrillation

irregular atria

ventricular fibrillation

ineffective ventricles: Low chambers quiver instead of pumping. Life threatening

palpitation

pounding/racing heart

vasculitis

vessel inflammation

angiostenosis

abnormal vessel narrowing

hemangioma

vessel tumor

aneurysm

bulging artery wall

arteriosclerosis

artery hardening

arteriostenosis

artery narrowing

phlebitis

vein inflammation

varicose veins

swollen veins

thrombosis

clot formation that blocks blood flow in vessel

thrombus

clot

embolism

vessel blockage

embolus

traveling object in blood

dyscrasia

abnormal blood condition

leukopenia

low white cells

polycythemia

excess red cells

septicemia

blood poisoning(usually bacterial)

thrombocytopenia

low platelets

cholesterol

blood lipids

leukemia

blood cancer

anemia

low red blood cells

pernicious anemia

B12 absorption problem

hemolytic anemia

Red blood cells destroyed faster than blood marrow can replace them

sickle cell anemia

abnormal hemoglobin shape

essential hypertension

Persistent high blood pressure with unknown cause

secondary hypertension

High blood pressure caused by condition

malignant hypertension

severe sudden increase of blood pressure

angiography

Xray technique to image blood vessels and arteries to detect blockages, aneurysms, and tumors

cardiac catheterization

catheter into heart

electrocardiogram (ECG)

electrical activity recording

Holter monitor

continuous heart monitoring(white pads with wires)

stress test

heart function during exercise

echocardiography

ultrasound of heart

antihypertensive

lowers blood pressure

antiarrhythmic

controls rhythm

anticoagulant

prevents clots

angioplasty

opens blocked artery

stent

supports artery

carotid endarterectomy

removes plaque from carotid arteries in neck

coronary bypass

reroutes blood flow

defibrillation

shock restores rhythm

pacemaker

regulates heartbeat

CPR

artificial circulation

Aorto/o

Aorta