Med 121 Chapter 14 Vocabulary Flashcards

cartilage

nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints

ligament

band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures

muscle

tissue consisting of contractile cells

tendon

fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

cortex

outer portion of an organ, such as bone; or gray covering of cerebral hemispheres

diaphysis

the shaft of a long bone

endosteum

a membrane of tissue lining the inner (medullary) cavity of a long bone

epiphysis

expanded area at the proximal and distal ends of a long bone the provides increased surface area ofr attachment of ligaments and tendons

piphyseal plate

layer of cartilage between the epiphysis and metaphysis where bone growth occurs

marrow

fatty, blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones

matrix

substance that surrounds cells, is manufactured by the cells, and holds them together.

medulla

central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex

metaphysis

region between the diaphysis and the epiphysis where bone growth occurs

oste/o

bone

clast

bone-removing cell

blast

bone-forming cell

genesis

creation of new bone

porosis

condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and are more likely to fracture

periosteum

fibrous membrane covering a bone

por

opening

articulation

joint formed to allow movement

bursa

a closed sac containing synovial fluid

fibrocartilage

cartilage containing collagen fibers

hyaline

cartilage that looks like glass and contains fine collagen fibers

meniscus

disc of connective tissue cartilage between the bones of a joint; ex. knee joint

suture

place where two bones are joined together by a fibrous band continuous with their periosteum, as in the skull

synovial

pertaining to synovial fluid and synovial membrane

ad-

towards

ab-

away from

-duct

to lead

circum

around

eversion

turning outward

extension

straighten a joint to increase its angle

flexion

bend a joint to decrease its angle

inversion

a turning inward

prone

lying facedown, flat on your belly

supine

lying face up, flat on your spine

cervical

pertaining to the neck region

coccyx

small tailbone at the lower end of the vertebral column

disc

spongy, cushion-like structures in between the vertebrae

foramen

an opening through a structure

intervertebral

structure located or occurring between vertebrae, specifically the spinal column

lumbar

pertaining to the region in the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis

sacrum

segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis

spine

flexible, curved structure composed of vertebrae and intervertebral discs.

thorax

the skeletal structure supporting the organs in the chest

vertebrae

the individual bones that make up the spine

concha

shell-shaped bone on the medial wall of the nasal cavity, plural conchae

cranium

the upper part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain

lacrimal

pertaining to tears

mandible

lower jawbone

maxilla

upper jaw

occipital

bone that forms the back and part of the base of the cranium

sphenoid

wedge-shaped bone that forms part of the base of the cranium and the orbits

temporal

bones that form the sides and part of the base of the cranium

temporomandibular joint

the joint between the temporal bone and the mandible

carpal

pertaining to the wrist

clavicular

anything related to the clavicle (collarbone)

condyle

large, smooth, rounded expansion of the end of a bone that forms a joint with another bone

humerus

single bone of upper arm

metacarpal

the five bones between the carpus and fingers

pectoral

pertaining to the chest

phalanges

a bone of a finger or toe, singular phalanx

radius

forearm bone on the thumb side

scapula

shoulder blade

ulna

the medial and larger bone of the forearm

femoral

pertaining to the femur

ilium

large wing-shaped bone at the upper and posterior part of the pelvis

ischium

lower and posterior part of the hip bone

pelvic

pertaining to the pubic bone

pubis

bony front arch of the pelvis at the hip

sacrum

segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis

sacroiliac joint

the joint between the sacrum and the ilium

calcaneus

bone of the tarsus that forms the heel

fibula

the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg

meniscus

disc of connective tissue cartilage between the bones of a joint, ex. the knee joint

metatarsal

the five long bones in the mid foot between the tarsal bones and the phalanges

patella

thin, circular bone in front of the knee joint and embedded in the patellar tendon, aka the kneecap

talus

the tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia to form the ankle joint

tarsal

the seven bones that make up the ankle and part of the foot

tibia

the larger bone of the lower leg

plasia

formation or growth

malacia

softening

myel

bone marrow or spinal cord

penia

deficiency or reduction in something

hematoma

collection of blood that has escaped from the blood vessels into tissue, also called bruise

bursa

a closed sac containing synovial fluid

degenerative

relating to the deterioration of a structure

nodule

small node or knotlike swelling

osteoarthritis

chronic inflammatory disease of the joints with pain and loss of function

kyphosis

a normal posterior curve of the thoracic spine that can be exaggerated in disease

lordosis

an exaggerated forward curvature of the lumbar spine

scoliosis

an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

dislocation

the state of being completely out of a joint

hyperflexion

flexion of a limb or part beyond the normal limits

podiatrist

practitioner which is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot

DEXA

Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry, test used to measure bone mineral density

DJD

Degenrative Joint Disease, refers to a group of conditions that cause deterioration of cartilage and other joint tissues

Fx

fracture, which refers to a break or crack in a bone

MD

Doctor of Medicine