Causes, CHINA - not finished

Causes for events - 8 markers

Boxer Rebellion 1900

• hatred of foreign control - ‘foreign devils’

• role of gov. - Cixi supported rebellion in order to avoid criticism of imperial system

1911 Revolution

• weak gov. - Cixi dead + Puyi in power

• rise of nationalism and Sun Yat-sen (Three Principles of people)

Warlord Era 1916-28

• Japans 21 demands - Sun accepted some of them - army revolt as saw this as losing China’s independence

• collapse of central gov. after Sun Yat-sen’s death

May 4 Movement 1919

• hatred of ToV

• did not want humiliation for China

Northern Expedition 1926-28

• GMD + CCP similar aims to destroy warlords

• Chiang’s plotting - ‘temporary alliance’ to gain power

Shanghai Massacre 1927

• conflicting ideologies

• Chiang saw CCP as a threat - due to CCP’s growing popularity as a result of the NE

Long March 1934

• flee GMD persecution - Ext. Campaigns

• needed new base to regroup

CCP victory in Civil war

• military - CCP more tactical/skilled, soldiers were disciplined + motivate

• political - GMD unstable, Mao was respected

• social - CCP = immense peasant support due to good land reforms, GMD = severe inflation

Forming the Second United front 1936

• deals with warlords - - Deals with the warlords - Chiang had been relying on deals from the warlords to keep control of China and needed their help + strength, Warlords wanted Chiang to focus on removing the Japanese so they put pressure on him to work with the CCP

• remove Japan

Extermination Campaigns 1930-34

• eliminate communists

• Chiang wanted to gain full control of china and destroy Mao’s image

Cultural Revolution 1966- 76

• desire for permanent revolution

• provide a test of loyalty to younger generation