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Boxer Rebellion 1900
hatred of foreign control - ‘foreign devils’
role of gov. - Cixi supported rebellion in order to avoid criticism of imperial system
1911 Revolution
weak gov. - Cixi dead + Puyi in power
rise of nationalism and Sun Yat-sen (Three Principles of people)
Warlord Era 1916-28
Japans 21 demands - Sun accepted some of them - army revolt as saw this as losing China’s independence
collapse of central gov. after Sun Yat-sen’s death
May 4 Movement 1919
hatred of ToV
did not want humiliation for China
Northern Expedition 1926-28
GMD + CCP similar aims to destroy warlords
Chiang’s plotting - ‘temporary alliance’ to gain power
Shanghai Massacre 1927
conflicting ideologies
Chiang saw CCP as a threat - due to CCP’s growing popularity as a result of the NE
Long March 1934
flee GMD persecution - Ext. Campaigns
needed new base to regroup
CCP victory in Civil war
military - CCP more tactical/skilled, soldiers were disciplined + motivate
political - GMD unstable, Mao was respected
social - CCP = immense peasant support due to good land reforms, GMD = severe inflation
Forming the Second United front 1936
deals with warlords - - Deals with the warlords - Chiang had been relying on deals from the warlords to keep control of China and needed their help + strength, Warlords wanted Chiang to focus on removing the Japanese so they put pressure on him to work with the CCP
remove Japan
Extermination Campaigns 1930-34
eliminate communists
Chiang wanted to gain full control of china and destroy Mao’s image
Cultural Revolution 1966- 76
desire for permanent revolution
provide a test of loyalty to younger generation
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