Motivation and Emotion chp 11

evolution theory proposed goals have

adaptive significance

adaptive significance

the importance of a trait or behavior for survival and reproduction

the primary influence of goal orientation

Motivation

originally, what was thought to explain goal orientation

Instincts

what is another thing that influences goal orientation

Homeostasis

Homeostasis

the drive to mantain a balance between the body and the mind

imbalanced homeostatic creates _____

drive

drive theory

People are motivated to act in order to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs (like hunger, thirst, or discomfort).

instinct theory

all animals have innate, biological, automatic instincts that helps us survive ans these instincts drive our motovations and behaviors

Biological motovation

the creation of biological drives, such as producing hunger to drive us to eat

Ozempic is like an increase in ______

Leptin

expectancy value theory

we look at how motivated people are based on their strength of expectancy and the value is escribed to their goal

Motovations come from ______

within

we falsely believe ______ can motivate us

rewards

Intrinsic Motivation

Doing something because you enjoy it or find it personally rewarding

Extrinsic Motivation

Doing something for an external reward or to avoid punishment. Example

over justification hypothesis

we begin to see the reawrd as the goal rather than the enjoyment as the goal

fear of failure (failure causes anxiety and anxiety is best avoided) is drived by ______ motivation

Extrinsic

Motive for sucess (thrill for victory and craving for learning) is drived by ______ motivation

Intrinsic

Self-Determination Theory

People are motivated when they feel autonomy (control), competence (capable), and relatedness (connected).

Dual-Instinct Theory (Freud)

Behavior is driven by two instincts: Eros (life/pleasure) and Thanatos (death/aggression).

approach approach

Two equally appealing tasks that want your attention

approach avoidance

a single goal has both a reason to pursue it and escape from it

avoidance avoidance

two equally inappealing task, neither which you want to do

Parkinson’s law

Work expands to fill the time available for its completion

happiness

more likely to believe things are possible, Increasing family and friend bonds, explore our environment ,increases optimism and goal orientation

anger

protects from loss, energizes to overcome obstacles

Fear

Discourages us from engaging in deadly activity, triggers fight or flight enhances learning

Sadness

elicits support from others, increases reflection, planning, adjusts expectations, raises level of introspection

Emotion triggers _______

action

nature of emotion: cognition influences _________

subjective experience

Eliciting Stimuli

something in the environment that triggers a response- (ex. seeing a snake while hiking)

Cognitive Appraisal

how we interpret a situation, which then shapes our emotions and reactions (ex.that snake poses a threat to my safety)

physiological response

how your body automatically reacts to a situation. (ex. rapid heart rate and breathing)

Two-Factor theory

Emotions are a result of two factors: physiological arousal (body response) and cognitive interpretation (how we label the situation).