Social 9 Final Review Part A: Governanace and Quality of Life

Indian Act

federal legislation related to the rights and status of First Nations peoples to meet treaty rights but having the goal of assimilation.

Quebec Accord

A specific agreement with Quebec. Quebec can nominate the percentage of immigrants to Canada that corresponds to its population and requires immigrants who settle in Quebec to send their children to French-Language Schools.

Provincial Nomination Program

Established to allow Canada's different provinces and territories to select individuals who indicate an interest in settling in a particular province/territory.

Singh Decision

Helped to establish the Immigration and Refugee Board to provide quick and fair hearing for people claiming refugee status in Canada. People seeking refugee status are provided with the necessities of life (shelter, food, security)

Health Factor

Every potential economic immigrant to Canada must provide that they are in good health.
Can be refused if:

• Their health can but Canadians at risk (contagious)
• Condition could endanger public safety (mental disorder)
• health could put a "excessive demand" on Canada's health services (HIV/AIDS)

Factors for Economic Immigrant's Immigration Test

English or French Skills
Education
Experience
Age
Arranged Employment in Canada
Adaptability

Head Tax

Fixed fee/tax required by Canada's Government from Chinese immigrants because immigration from China was discouraged.

Pull Factor

Factors that make people immigrate to Canada.

Push Factor

Factors that make people emigrate their home country.

Other Immigrants

Immigrants who are accepted because of humanitarian of compassionate reasons.

Economic Immigrants

Immigrants who are skilled workers and business people.

Family Class

Immigrants who are spouses, partners, children, parents and grandparents of people living in Canada.

Immigration and Refugee Protection Act

Act that established categories of who can come to Canada from other countries to establish permanent homes.

Accord

A formal agreement.

Point System

System containing the criteria Canada uses to decide who is accepted as immigrants. (Applies only to Economic Immigrants)

Labour Force

All members of the population who are able to work.

Demographic

To do with the characteristics of populations.

Refugee

A person who seeks refuge in another country because of danger or persecution in his of her home country.

Immigration

The process of people establishing homes, and often citizenship, in a country that is not their native country.

North-West Territories Ordinance Number 22

Ordinance Number 22 required English as the language of instruction in all schools (1892)

Haultain Resolution

In 1892, the Haultain Resolution was proposed by the Premier of the North-West Territories (Frederick Haultain) to have proceedings of the assembly to the English only.

Manitoba Schools Act

An act that abolished French as an official language in the province, and eliminated state funding for Catholic Schools

Official Language Community

One of the groups in Canadian society whose members speak an official language of Canada - French or English - as their First Language

Patriate

To bring to a country something that belongs to the country

Residential School

Government-sponsored religious schools established to assimilate indigenous children in Euro-Canadian culture

Metis

Aboriginal peoples who do not have historic treaties with the government like the First Nations did.

Indian Act

Federal Legislation first passed in 1876 which defines the federal government's obligations and regulates the management of Indian reserve lands, Indian money's, and other resources.

Indian Agent

Officials on reserves who interpret treaty rights made by the government.

Assimilate

To make part of.

Policy

Describe objectives of the government within a law. (What they will do)

Law

Describe principles or conditions that must must be followed. (What needs to happen)

First Nations

Umbrella name for the diverse aboriginal peoples who have collective rights that are recognized and protected in Canada's Constitution.

Numbered Treaties

Historic agreements that affect the identity and rights of First Nations in Canada.

Indian

Word Europeans used to describe the First Nations of North America, though they were a diverse people with names for themselves.

Individual Rights

Guaranteed to every person in Canada.

Official Language Minority

A group that speaks one of Canada's official languages and that does not make up the majority of the population.

Land Claims

Legal declaration of specific areas of property, including land and water.

Inherit Rights

Rights with origins in fundamental justice.

Anglophone

A person who's first language is English.

Francophone

A person who's first language is French.

Ethnocentric

The belief that one's culture is superior to all other cultures.

Entrenching

Fixing firmly within.

Annuity

An annual payment.

Reserve

Land for the exclusive use of First Nations.

Sovereignty

Independence as a people, with a right to self-government.

Collective Identity

Shared identity of a group of people because of a common language and culture.

Affirm

To validate and express commitment to somthing.

Collective Rights

Rights guaranteed to specific groups in Canada's society for historical and constitutional reasons.

Internment

Putting a person in prison or other kind of detention, generally in wartime
Groups from Canada - Ukrainian's, Japanese and Italians.

Right to Vote

Democratic right of Canadian Citizens

Equality Rights

-the right to be free of discrimination because of race, national or ethnic origin, religion, age, mental or physical disability.

Legal Rights

• the right to be free of imprisonment, search and seizure without reason backed by law and evidence
  -The right to a fair and quick public trial by an impartial court that assumes that you are innocent until proven guilty

Mobility rights

• the right to move anywhere in Canada and earn a living there
  -the right to enter, leave or stay Canada

Democratic Rights

-the right to vote for members of the House of Commons and of provincial legislatures
-the right to vote for a new government at least every 5 years

Fundamental Freedoms

-the freedom to express your opinion
-the freedom to choose your own religion
-the freedom to organize peaceful meetings and demonstrations
-the freedom to associate with any person or group

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Sets out the rights and freedoms necessary in a free and democratic society.

Elders

Play an important role in sentencing circles in the First Nations traditions.

Elizabeth Fry Society

An advocacy group that focuses on justice issues for women and girls.

John Howard Society

An advocacy group that works with men, women, boys and girls in trouble with the law

Defence

Includes the evidence that supports the innocence of a person accused of a crime - the lawyer that represents the accused is the defense.

Colonialism

The process of establishing colonies, in which a region is claimed and governed by a country from another part of the world

Validaty

Reliability, based on a critical assessment of source, facts and bias

YCJA

Youth Criminal Justice Act

Probation

a sentence that the offender is allowed to serve under supervision in the community

Sequester

to set apart; to take possession of and hold in custody

Restitution

compensation, reimbursement

Prosecution

A government body that brings charges against a person accused of breaking the law

Advocacy Group

try to sway public opinion

Jury

a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law

Legislation

the act of making or enacting laws

Responsibility

an obligation or duty

Rights

a freedom that is protected

Reintegrate

to make part of society again

Rehabilitate

reteach positive attitudes and behaviour

Sentence

a consequence for a crime determined by a court of law

Criminal Record

A permanent record of breaking the law, which is public information

Community Service

help in the community performed as part of a sentence

Justice System

the institutions and procedures for applying laws in a society

Justice

Applying laws

Fair and Equitable

Governed by rules that apply to everyone

Royal Assent

Final stage of the legislative process, where the monarch formally approves an act of parliament

Bias

an opinion based unchallenged assumptions

House of Commons

The lower house of parliament

Senate

The upper house of parliament

Monarch

A sovereign head of state, especially a king or queen

Govern

to make decisions as a government and put decisions into action

Lobbyist

Someone hired by a group to influence MPs and government officials.

Assimilation

The process of becoming a part of a different cultural group (not your own)

Civil Service

The people who serve Canadians as employees of government.

Accountable

answerable to someone for your actions; observable, transparent.

Minorities

Groups in society who do not form the majority of the population.

Popular Vote

The total votes cast in an election, as different front he total seats won in an election, regardless of whether they win ridings.

Constituents

Someone who is represented by an elected official from that riding.

Judicial Branch

Includes Canada's court of law. The members of the Judicial branch come from the legal profession.
The part of the government that interprets and applies the law by making legal judgement.

Legislative Branch

Includes the House of Commons, the Senate and the Governor General.
The part of the government that makes the laws.

Executive Branch

Includes the Prime Minister and his Cabinet
The part of the Government that puts laws into action.

Constitution

A special set of laws that establish a framework of governance.

Governance

The process of governing.

Government

The body with the power to make decisions for a soci