IB HL Biology- 2.1 Molecules to metabolism

carbon atoms

can form 4 covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of stable compounds to exist

life is based on carbon compounds

carbohydrates

made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, ex: sugar, starch, and cellulose

lipids

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, ex: fats, oils, cholesterol, waxes and phospholipids

proteins

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, amino acids are the building blocks of proteins

nucleic acids

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, ex: DNA, RNA, ATP

organic compounds

contains carbon and hydrogen, commonly used in biological systems

inorganic compounds

dont contain carbon exept certain stuff like Co2

metabolism

the web of all enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism

anabolism

the synthesis od complex molecules from simple molecules, including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions

polymer

monomer + monomer

catabolism

the breakdown of complex molecules into simple molecules, including the hydrolisis of macromolecules into monomers, water is used and consumed in the process