W10 - Fluid balance, electrolytes & burns
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Last updated 4:13 PM on 4/4/26
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7 Terms
1
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What are the normal sodium levels?
135-145 mmol/L
2
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What is hypernatremia?
too much sodium in the blood
3
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What are the causes of hypernatremia?
water loss: sweating, dehydration, fever, diabetes insipidus (low ADH)
sodium gain: excess salt intake
4
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Hypernatremia S&S
thirst
irritability
weakness
confusion
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What is hyponatremia?
too little sodium in the blood
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What are the causes of hyponatremia?
too much water (dilution): excess IV fluids (hypotonic)
sodium loss + water replacement: vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics
fluid overload states: HF, kidney failure
7
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Hyponatremia S&S
tachycardia
weakness
nausea, vomiting
