ABD Week 4: Male Pelvis, neck & salivary glands, peritoneum, non cardiac chest, invasive procedures, and patient care

chapters 16-18

what congenital anomaly is associated with megalourthra?

Prune belly syndrome

what is the most common form of megalourethra?

scaphoid

what is megalourethra?

agenesis of the corpus cavernosa &/or corpus spongiosum which causes a dilitation of the urethra and an enlargement of the penis

what is agenesis of the seminal vesicles associated with?

ipsilateral renal agenesis

What might be a possible cause of a calculus / scrotal pearl?

Inflammation of the tunica vaginalis, torsion of the appendix testis or epididymis

What is the typical size of an adenomatoid tumor?

Less than 2cm

Where is an adenomatoid tumor commonly found?

Empididymis

In erectile dysfunction, what PSV would be suggestive of arterial insufficiency?

Less than 30 cm/s

In erectile dysfunction, what would be suggestive of venous incompetence?

Continuous or minimum end diastolic flow greater than 7 cm/s

by what age will the testes descend?

6 months

where is cryptorchidism most likely to be found?

80% inguinal canal

normal size of adult testis?

L: 3-5cm

AP: 3cm

W: 2-4cm

normal thickness of the scrotal wall?

thin, hyperechoic, 2-8mm thickness

what is the echogenicity of the epididymis in comparison with the testes?

isoechoic to hypoechoic

where is the cancer site for most prostate cancer?

peripheral zone

where does benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) originate?

transitional zone

what two structures form the ejaculatory duct?

vas deferens & seminal vesicle duct

which prostate zone has 70% of glandular tissue?

peripheral zone

what measurement must a spermatic vein exceed in order to be pathologic?

2mm - indicates varicocele

what lab value indicates strong likelihood of carcinoma?

greater than 20ng/mL Prostate Specific Antigen

what is a scrotal calculus also known as?

scrotal pearl

what is the most common benign tumor within epididymal pathology?

adenomatoid tumor (less than 2cm)

what might epididymitis be caused be?

lower urinary infection

what is the most common malignant neoplasm of the testicle?

germ cell neoplasm - seminoma

what is the most common cause of orchitis?

chlamydia (sexually transmitted disease)

what are the salvage rates of testicular torsions?

80-100% within 6 hour

70% within 6-12 hours

greater than 12 can result in complete infarction

what are the clinical findings for acute prostatitis?

rectal and prostate tenderness & fever

what are the chronic clinical findings for prostatitis?

urinary frequency and urgency & dysuria

what is Peyronie’s disease marked by?

curvature of the penis

what may Peyronie’s disease be caused by?

medication site effect

what are the sonographic findings of Peyronie’s disease?

echogenic plaque or calcifications located in the tunica albuginea

what is priapism?

long-standing erection

“bell clapper” is another term sued to describe which of the following abnormalities?

testicular torsion

what disease is associated with hyperthyroidism?

Graves disease

what disease is associated with hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto disease

what is the most severe form of hypothyroidism?

myxoedema

what muscles are included in strap muscles?

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid muscles (located anterior and lateral to thyroid gland)

what muscles allow for the flexion and rotation of the head?

sternocleidomastoid muscles

what is the largest endocrine gland in the human body?

thyroid gland

which gland produces 70% of the saliva?

submandibular gland

Which is the largest salivary gland?

Parotid gland

What is the only gland that has intraparenchymal lymph nodes?

Parotid gland

What duct does the parotid gland contain?

Stenson’s duct

What duct does the submandibular gland have?

Stenson’s duct

what is the normal adult size of thyroid glands?

L: 4-6cm

AP: 1.3-1.8

W: 1.5-2.0

What are the normal lab values for thyrotropin (TSH)?

3 - 42 ng/mL

What are the normal lab values for thyroxine (T4)?

4.5 - 12 μg/dL

What are the normal lab values for triiodothyronine (T3)?

70 - 190 ng/dL

What is the normal range for calcitonin?

<100 pg/mL

What are the normal range lab values for parathormone (PTH)?

12 - 68 pg/mL

What are the normal ranges for lab value, Calcium?

8.5 - 10.5 mg / dL

What level of calcium is considered life-threatening?

Above 14.5 mg/dL

Where would a thyroglossal cyst be located?

Between the tongue and thyroid isthmus?

What is cystic hygroma associated with?

Turner’s syndrome

What is a brachial cleft cyst?

A congenital diverticulum of the brachial cleft

What is the most common type of malignant thyroid neoplasm derived from?

Papillary (80%)

What condition does a parathyroid adenoma most commonly cause?

Hyperparathyroidism