Anatomy ch 1

planes

an imaginary line that divides the body or an organ into sections

sections

Cuts or sections made along a body plane

anatomic position

-standing upright

-legs together and knees forward

-toes pointing forward

-arms by the side

-palms facing forward

Planes of movement

sagittal, frontal (coronal), transverse

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

coronal or frontal plane

vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions

transverse or horizontal plane

runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

Cranial

toward the head

Caudal

toward the tail

Anterior or ventral

toward the front

Posterior or dorsal

toward the back

Distal

Farther from the trunk of the body

Proximal

closer to the trunk of the body

Lateral

away from the midline

Medial

toward the midline

Superior

toward the head

Inferior

away from the head

superficial

near the surface

deep

further from the surface

Ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

Contralateral

on the opposite side of the body

internal

inner side of the wall of a hollow structure

external

outside of the wall of a hollow structure

Flexion

Decreases the angle of a joint

extension

increases the angle of a joint

Abduction

movement away from the midline

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

skull

cranium plus the mandible

craniu,

skull without the mandible

the skull is divided in to what 2 parts

calvaria and the face

three part division of the skull

neurocranium, viscerocranium, and basicranium

neurocranium

contains the brain with its outer shell of the cranial bones

viscerocranium

facial bones

basicranium

functionally part of both the neurocranium and the viscerocranium

What are sutures?

-fibrous joints between 2 bones

-little to no movement

-decrease in size until about age 24

-classified as a synarthrotic joint

fontanelles

soft spots normally present on the skull of a newborn

anterior fontanelle

posterior fontanelle

coronal suture

unites frontal bone with the paired parietal bones

sagittal suture

unites the two parietal bones

lambdoidal suture

unites the paired parietal bones with the occipital bone

squamosal suture

between parietal bone and temporal bone on side of the skull,

metopic suture

suture located between the right & left frontal, normally fuses together before birth

frontal bone

-forms most of the anterior part of the neurocranium

-forms the ceiling of the orbit

-two parts in a fetus or newborn

parietal bone

covers and protects the brain

-articulates with frontal, temporal, and occipital bones

occipital bone (skull)

-part of the neurocranium and basicranium

-supports and protects the brain and provides passage for the spinal cord through the magnum foramen

-articulates with the first cervical vertebra (atlas) at the occiptal condyles

wormian bones

bregma landmark

temporal bone

-squamus\=flat part of the temporal bone

-petrous\= bony part of the temporal bone houses the middle and inner ear chambers and ossicles

forms part of the basicranium

pterion landmark

thinnest place in cranial bones

Lambda landmark

external occipital protuberance

sphenoid bone

-contributes to the eye socket

-makes up part of the lateral wall of the neurocranium

ethmoid bone

single unpaired bone in the midline of the cranium. sits anterior of the sphenoid bone and makes up part of the medial wall of the orbit

supraorbital region of the frontal bone

frontal eminence (brow ridges)

orbital plate of the frontal bone

roof of bony eye socket

supraorbital foramen of the frontal bone

hold branch of ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

zygomatic part of the temporal bone

forms part of the zygomatic arch

external auditory meatus of the temporal bone

opening into bony ear canal

mastoid portion of temporal bone

forms mastoid process

styloid process of temporal bone

bony projection for attachment of stylohyoid muscle

body of sphenoid bone

greater wings of sphenoid bone

lesser wings of sphenoid bone

later plate of pterygoid processes of sphenoid bone

medial plate of pterygoid processes of sphenoid bone

nasal bones

lacrimal bones

-thin, irregularly shaped plated of bone that form a small part of the anterior medial wall of the orbits

-articulates with the ethmoid bone, frontal bone, and maxilla

Zygomatic bone

-form part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit

-majority of the cheek bones

- articulates with the frontal, temporal, sphenoid bones, and maxilla

maxilla

-contributes to the orbit, nasal cavity, and oral cavity

mandible

inferior nasal conchae

Vomer

palatine bone

very small contribution to the medial wall of the orbit and they form the posterior aspect of the hard pallet, articulating anteriorly with the maxilla, which forms most of the hard palate

the orbit

contain and protect the eye

_ADD PICTURE FROM NOTES

the orbit geometry

-basic shape is a pyramid

-medial walls are parallel

-lateral walls diverge from each other

-back is the apex

-front is the base

superior orbital wall of the eye socket

made up of the frontal bone