AP World - Unit 5 [1750 to 1900]

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John Locke

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51 Terms

1

John Locke

Writer of the Social Contract

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2

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Philosopher who also expanded on Locke’s ideas within the Social Contract; “Could overthrow an unjust government”

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3

Conservatism

An -ism that specifically tied to following more traditional practices rather than following new ideologies

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4

Anti-Semitism

Anti-Jewish beliefs that would sometimes be prevalent around the world

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5

Enlightenment

The name given to this time period occurring throughout the 1750s-1900s that were based on various different -isms and ideologies

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6

Feminism

The ideology that women deserve more rights, should be treated the same as men, etc.

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7

Abolitionism

The idea that all people, regardless of race, deserve the same rights; Additionally that the slave trade should end and people should be freed from their duties as slaves

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8

Liberalism

A new ideology specifically focusing on one’s individual rights and what one deserves; Belief in natural rights, privately-owned economy, etc.

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9

Laissez Faire

A term that was essentially used to describe a new economic system (shift away from mercantilism); Definition is “leave alone”

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10

Socialism

An idea where public ownership is more beneficial than privately led businesses

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11

Capitalism

A new economic system that became more prevalent as it is essentially relied on privately owned businesses rather than them being state-owned

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12

Communism

An ideology developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel where everyone is seen as equal and all businesses are state owned

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13

Karl Marx

Creator of communism

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14

Adam Smith

Came up with ideas behind laissez'-faire economics and capitalism

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15

Dreyfus Affair

An anti-Semitism scandal that occurred in France, where a military officer who was Jewish was convicted of treason; He was later found to be innocent (Alfred Dreyfus)

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16

American Revolution

The name of a “revolt” that occurred where colonies in the Americas wanted their independence from the British government; Specifically rooted in liberalism

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17

Declaration of Independence

Signed by Thomas Jefferson and many others to solidify the independence of American colonies from the British

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18

French Revolution

A “revolt” that occurred in France where the public wanted to overthrow the absolute monarchy government; Rooted in ideologies of liberalism

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19

Declaration of the Rights of Man

A new declaration established by the French when the government was forced to give in to the public demands

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20

Reign of Terror

A period that followed the French Revolution where anybody who did not agree with these ideologies would be executed

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21

France

The country who assisted the colonies in the Americas to gain independence from the British during the American Revolution

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22

Unsuccessful

Successful or Unsuccessful?; The outcome of the French Revolution (For info, they ended up going back to an absolute monarchy)

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23

Haitian Revolution

The name of a “revolt” that occurred in Haiti against the French

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24

Toussaint L’Ouverture

The name of a Haitian general who helped lead many revolts against French enslavers in Haiti

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25

Debt

This answer is what the French left Haiti in after forcing them to pay millions of dollars to pay for the destruction that they caused during the Haitian Revolution

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26

Simon Bolivar

The name of a person who led many rebellions in South America; Helped/Inspired various countries to get emancipated from the Spanish empire

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27

Nationalism

An -ism that specifically relates to people emphasizing their country’s belief systems, cultural practices, unity, etc.

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28

Eli Whitney

Creator of the interchangeable parts system that greatly assisted the growth of the Industrial Revolution

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29

Henry Ford

Creator of the assembly line system that was typically used in factories

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30

Cottage Industry

An industry that relied on the system of merchants buying cotton, and then giving it to women to spin into finished cloth; First invented by the British

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31

Manchester and Liverpool

Two major cities in Great Britain that greatly benefitted from industrialization and became urban areas

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32

Trans-Siberian Railroad

A large railroad system that was built during this time period and essentially allowed Russia to trade more easily with countries in East Asia

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33

Coal

The resource that the first Industrial Revolution specifically focused on using

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34

Electricity and Steel

The two resources that the Second Industrial Revolution specifically focused on using

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35

Transcontinental Railroad

A large railroad that was specifically intended to connect the Atlantic coast with the Pacific coast; Additionally was meant to aid in the transportation of goods

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36

Meiji Restorations

The name of the industrialization process that was implemented in Japan during this time period

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37

Defensive Industrialization

The type of industrialization that Japan partook in as they were worried that they would get conquered by stronger countries like the Europeans

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38

Muhammad Ali

Name of the Ottoman officer who went to retake Egypt and later rose in power there; Pushed the country to industrialize especially by setting up many factories

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39

Matthew Perry

The name of the commodore from the US who went to Japan in an attempt to demand that the Japanese engage in trade with them; Ended up being reason behind Japanese industrialization

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40

Cecil Rhodes

Owner of Da Beers Mining Company who wanted to build a railroad from Cairo to Cape Town

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41

Consumerism

The phrase that relates with consumers constantly buying products; This phrase increased throughout this time period because factories were able to produce more goods

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42

Proletariats

What came to be known as the “working class” under the bourgeoise

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43

Bourgeoise

Essentially the middle class where people did not necessarily have to work but instead could own factories, etc.

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44

Labor Unions

These started forming as a result of difficulties in workplaces and unfair treatment throughout factories

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45

Self-Strengthening Movement

An attempt at reform within China where they took inspiration from various Western ideals (however continued to be very limited as still mainly against them)

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46

Empress Dowager Cixi

An important figure within the Qing Dynasty during this time; Was specifically known for her conservatist views however later realized problems with this and got rid of civil service exam

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47

Hundred Days of Reform

The name of more reform efforts made by China where they got rid of the civil service exam, attempted to abolish corruption, implemented new systems, etc.

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48

Samurai

This group of people in Japan were abolished under the new reforms, which led to great controversy from their point of view

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49

Tanzimat Reforms

The name of the reforms that were established throughout the Ottoman Empire; Specifically dealt with modernizing the state and implementing more equal rights for all citizens

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50

Tenements and slums

Buildings where poor, working-class families often lived; Mostly proletariats and peasants who had to work in harsh factory conditions

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51

Cult of Domesticity

The idea that overall “idolized” the thought of being a female housemaker; Was that standard thought that women should stay at home, cook, etc.

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